Solid Waste Management

  1. Biological Treatment of Organic Waste
    1. Composting (Aerobic Decomposition)
      1. Fundamentals of Composting
        1. Microbiology of Composting
          1. Mesophilic Phase Microorganisms
            1. Thermophilic Phase Microorganisms
              1. Maturation Phase Microorganisms
              2. Biochemical Processes
                1. Organic Matter Decomposition
                  1. Nutrient Cycling
                    1. Humus Formation
                  2. Critical Process Parameters
                    1. Carbon-to-Nitrogen (C/N) Ratio
                      1. Optimal Ratios for Different Feedstocks
                        1. Adjustment Methods
                        2. Moisture Content
                          1. Optimal Moisture Levels
                            1. Moisture Control Methods
                            2. Temperature Management
                              1. Temperature Phases
                                1. Pathogen Destruction
                                  1. Temperature Monitoring
                                  2. Aeration and Oxygen Supply
                                    1. Oxygen Requirements
                                      1. Aeration Methods
                                        1. Turning Schedules
                                        2. pH Control and Management
                                          1. Particle Size Optimization
                                          2. Composting Technologies and Systems
                                            1. Windrow Composting
                                              1. Turned Windrow Systems
                                                1. Aerated Static Windrows
                                                  1. Site Requirements and Design
                                                  2. Aerated Static Pile Composting
                                                    1. Forced Aeration Systems
                                                      1. Blower Design and Operation
                                                        1. Pile Construction Methods
                                                        2. In-Vessel Composting Systems
                                                          1. Enclosed Reactor Systems
                                                            1. Rotating Drum Composters
                                                              1. Tunnel Composting Systems
                                                                1. Agitated Bed Composters
                                                                2. Vermicomposting
                                                                  1. Earthworm Species Selection
                                                                    1. System Design and Management
                                                                      1. Harvesting and Processing
                                                                    2. Feedstock Preparation and Management
                                                                      1. Feedstock Selection and Mixing
                                                                        1. Pre-processing Requirements
                                                                          1. Contamination Removal
                                                                            1. Recipe Development
                                                                            2. Compost Quality and Standards
                                                                              1. Maturity and Stability Testing
                                                                                1. Pathogen Reduction Requirements
                                                                                  1. Heavy Metal Content
                                                                                    1. Physical Contaminant Limits
                                                                                      1. Nutrient Content Analysis
                                                                                      2. Compost Applications and Markets
                                                                                        1. Agricultural Applications
                                                                                          1. Landscaping and Horticulture
                                                                                            1. Soil Remediation
                                                                                              1. Erosion Control
                                                                                                1. Market Development Strategies
                                                                                              2. Anaerobic Digestion (AD)
                                                                                                1. Fundamentals of Anaerobic Digestion
                                                                                                  1. Microbiology of AD
                                                                                                    1. Hydrolytic Bacteria
                                                                                                      1. Acidogenic Bacteria
                                                                                                        1. Acetogenic Bacteria
                                                                                                          1. Methanogenic Archaea
                                                                                                          2. Biochemical Process Stages
                                                                                                            1. Hydrolysis
                                                                                                              1. Acidogenesis (Fermentation)
                                                                                                                1. Acetogenesis
                                                                                                                  1. Methanogenesis
                                                                                                                2. Process Design and Operation
                                                                                                                  1. Digester Types and Configurations
                                                                                                                    1. Wet Digestion Systems
                                                                                                                      1. Continuously Stirred Tank Reactors (CSTR)
                                                                                                                        1. Plug Flow Reactors
                                                                                                                        2. Dry Digestion Systems
                                                                                                                          1. Batch Digesters
                                                                                                                            1. Semi-continuous Systems
                                                                                                                            2. Temperature Classifications
                                                                                                                              1. Mesophilic Digesters (30-40°C)
                                                                                                                                1. Thermophilic Digesters (50-60°C)
                                                                                                                              2. Process Parameters and Control
                                                                                                                                1. Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT)
                                                                                                                                  1. Organic Loading Rate (OLR)
                                                                                                                                    1. pH and Alkalinity Management
                                                                                                                                      1. Temperature Control
                                                                                                                                        1. Mixing and Agitation
                                                                                                                                      2. Feedstock Preparation and Pretreatment
                                                                                                                                        1. Feedstock Characteristics
                                                                                                                                          1. Size Reduction and Homogenization
                                                                                                                                            1. Pretreatment Technologies
                                                                                                                                              1. Thermal Pretreatment
                                                                                                                                                1. Chemical Pretreatment
                                                                                                                                                  1. Biological Pretreatment
                                                                                                                                                2. Biogas Production and Composition
                                                                                                                                                  1. Biogas Composition
                                                                                                                                                    1. Methane Content (50-70%)
                                                                                                                                                      1. Carbon Dioxide Content (30-50%)
                                                                                                                                                        1. Trace Gases and Impurities
                                                                                                                                                        2. Biogas Yield Factors
                                                                                                                                                          1. Gas Collection and Storage
                                                                                                                                                          2. Biogas Upgrading and Utilization
                                                                                                                                                            1. Gas Cleaning and Purification
                                                                                                                                                              1. Hydrogen Sulfide Removal
                                                                                                                                                                1. Carbon Dioxide Removal
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Moisture Removal
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Siloxane Removal
                                                                                                                                                                    2. Energy Applications
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Electricity Generation
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Vehicle Fuel Production
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Pipeline Injection
                                                                                                                                                                          2. Digestate Management and Utilization
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Digestate Characteristics
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Solid Fraction Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Liquid Fraction Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                2. Post-processing Options
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Solid-Liquid Separation
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Composting of Solid Fraction
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Nutrient Recovery
                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Agricultural Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Soil Amendment
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Fertilizer Replacement
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Application Methods and Rates
                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Other Biological Treatment Technologies
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT)
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Bioreactor Landfills
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Constructed Wetlands for Leachate Treatment

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                                                                                                                                                                                            4. Waste Processing and Separation Technologies

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                                                                                                                                                                                            6. Thermal Treatment and Waste-to-Energy (WTE)