Solid Waste Management

  1. Waste Processing and Separation Technologies
    1. Materials Recovery Facilities (MRFs)
      1. Types of MRFs
        1. Clean MRFs (Source-separated Recyclables)
          1. Dirty MRFs (Mixed Municipal Solid Waste)
            1. Single-stream MRFs
              1. Dual-stream MRFs
              2. Facility Design and Layout
                1. Receiving and Storage Areas
                  1. Processing Lines and Equipment
                    1. Sorting Areas
                      1. Baling and Storage Areas
                        1. Quality Control Stations
                        2. Process Flow and Operations
                          1. Material Receiving and Inspection
                            1. Pre-sorting and Contamination Removal
                              1. Mechanical Separation Processes
                                1. Manual Sorting Operations
                                  1. Quality Control and Packaging
                                  2. Throughput and Capacity Planning
                                    1. Contamination Management
                                      1. Worker Safety and Training
                                      2. Mechanical Sorting and Separation Technologies
                                        1. Size Separation Equipment
                                          1. Trommel Screens
                                            1. Design and Operation
                                              1. Size Classification
                                                1. Maintenance Requirements
                                                2. Vibrating Screens
                                                  1. Screen Types and Configurations
                                                    1. Frequency and Amplitude Control
                                                      1. Screen Media Selection
                                                      2. Disc Screens
                                                        1. Star Screens
                                                        2. Density Separation Systems
                                                          1. Air Classifiers
                                                            1. Zigzag Air Classifiers
                                                              1. Rotary Air Classifiers
                                                                1. Fluidized Bed Separators
                                                                2. Float-Sink Separation
                                                                  1. Dense Media Separation
                                                                    1. Hydrocyclone Systems
                                                                  2. Magnetic Separation
                                                                    1. Ferrous Metal Recovery
                                                                      1. Overhead Magnets
                                                                        1. Magnetic Drums
                                                                          1. Cross-belt Magnets
                                                                          2. System Design and Placement
                                                                            1. Maintenance and Performance
                                                                            2. Eddy Current Separation
                                                                              1. Non-ferrous Metal Recovery
                                                                                1. Equipment Design and Operation
                                                                                  1. Optimization Parameters
                                                                                  2. Optical Sorting Systems
                                                                                    1. Near-Infrared (NIR) Sorting
                                                                                      1. Visible Light Sorting
                                                                                        1. X-ray Transmission Sorting
                                                                                          1. Applications for Different Materials
                                                                                            1. Plastic Identification and Sorting
                                                                                              1. Paper and Cardboard Sorting
                                                                                                1. Glass Color Sorting
                                                                                            2. Manual Sorting Operations
                                                                                              1. Hand-picking Lines
                                                                                                1. Conveyor Design
                                                                                                  1. Worker Positioning
                                                                                                    1. Ergonomic Considerations
                                                                                                    2. Quality Control Procedures
                                                                                                      1. Worker Safety and Health
                                                                                                        1. Training and Skill Development
                                                                                                          1. Performance Monitoring
                                                                                                          2. Size Reduction (Comminution) Equipment
                                                                                                            1. Shredders and Shredding Systems
                                                                                                              1. Hammermill Shredders
                                                                                                                1. Shear Shredders
                                                                                                                  1. Knife Mills
                                                                                                                    1. Selection Criteria
                                                                                                                    2. Grinders and Mills
                                                                                                                      1. Wet Grinding Systems
                                                                                                                        1. Dry Grinding Systems
                                                                                                                        2. Chippers and Chipping Equipment
                                                                                                                          1. Maintenance and Wear Management
                                                                                                                          2. Densification and Packaging
                                                                                                                            1. Baling Systems
                                                                                                                              1. Horizontal Balers
                                                                                                                                1. Single-ram Balers
                                                                                                                                  1. Two-ram Balers
                                                                                                                                  2. Vertical Balers
                                                                                                                                    1. Specialty Balers
                                                                                                                                    2. Compaction Equipment
                                                                                                                                      1. Stationary Compactors
                                                                                                                                        1. Mobile Compactors
                                                                                                                                          1. Self-contained Compactors
                                                                                                                                          2. Packaging and Storage
                                                                                                                                            1. Bale Tying and Wrapping
                                                                                                                                              1. Storage and Handling
                                                                                                                                                1. Transportation Considerations

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                                                                                                                                            3. On-site Storage, Collection, and Transport

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                                                                                                                                            5. Biological Treatment of Organic Waste