Research Methods in Geography

  1. Mixed-Methods Research
    1. Philosophical Foundations
      1. Paradigm Considerations
        1. Pragmatism
          1. Transformative Paradigm
            1. Dialectical Pluralism
              1. Paradigm Integration
              2. Ontological and Epistemological Issues
                1. Multiple Realities
                  1. Ways of Knowing
                    1. Knowledge Integration
                      1. Methodological Pluralism
                      2. Quality Criteria
                        1. Validity in Mixed Methods
                          1. Reliability Considerations
                            1. Transferability
                              1. Confirmability
                            2. Design Types and Implementation
                              1. Convergent Parallel Design
                                1. Simultaneous Data Collection
                                  1. Independent Implementation
                                    1. Equal Priority
                                      1. Separate Analysis
                                        1. Results Comparison
                                        2. Integration Strategies
                                          1. Side-by-side Comparison
                                            1. Joint Displays
                                              1. Data Transformation
                                                1. Meta-inferences
                                                2. Challenges and Solutions
                                                  1. Conflicting Results
                                                    1. Different Sample Sizes
                                                      1. Timing Issues
                                                        1. Resource Allocation
                                                      2. Sequential Designs
                                                        1. Explanatory Sequential
                                                          1. Quantitative Priority
                                                            1. Qualitative Follow-up
                                                              1. Results Explanation
                                                                1. Participant Selection
                                                                2. Exploratory Sequential
                                                                  1. Qualitative Priority
                                                                    1. Quantitative Follow-up
                                                                      1. Instrument Development
                                                                        1. Theory Building
                                                                        2. Transformative Sequential
                                                                          1. Social Justice Focus
                                                                            1. Community Engagement
                                                                              1. Empowerment Goals
                                                                                1. Action Orientation
                                                                              2. Embedded Designs
                                                                                1. Concurrent Embedded
                                                                                  1. Primary Method Priority
                                                                                    1. Secondary Data Support
                                                                                      1. Different Questions
                                                                                        1. Enhanced Understanding
                                                                                        2. Sequential Embedded
                                                                                          1. Phase-based Integration
                                                                                            1. Supportive Data
                                                                                              1. Comprehensive Analysis
                                                                                                1. Triangulation
                                                                                              2. Complex Designs
                                                                                                1. Multi-phase Designs
                                                                                                  1. Multiple Phases
                                                                                                    1. Iterative Process
                                                                                                      1. Emergent Design
                                                                                                        1. Adaptive Implementation
                                                                                                        2. Intervention Designs
                                                                                                          1. Program Evaluation
                                                                                                            1. Implementation Research
                                                                                                              1. Outcome Assessment
                                                                                                                1. Process Evaluation
                                                                                                            2. Integration Strategies
                                                                                                              1. Data Integration
                                                                                                                1. Data Transformation
                                                                                                                  1. Quantitizing Qualitative Data
                                                                                                                    1. Qualitizing Quantitative Data
                                                                                                                      1. Joint Coding
                                                                                                                        1. Statistical Integration
                                                                                                                        2. Joint Displays
                                                                                                                          1. Side-by-side Displays
                                                                                                                            1. Integrated Displays
                                                                                                                              1. Visual Integration
                                                                                                                                1. Comparative Analysis
                                                                                                                                2. Narrative Integration
                                                                                                                                  1. Weaving Approach
                                                                                                                                    1. Contiguous Approach
                                                                                                                                      1. Staged Approach
                                                                                                                                        1. Transformative Approach
                                                                                                                                      2. Analysis Integration
                                                                                                                                        1. Concurrent Analysis
                                                                                                                                          1. Parallel Analysis
                                                                                                                                            1. Comparative Analysis
                                                                                                                                              1. Confirmatory Analysis
                                                                                                                                                1. Complementary Analysis
                                                                                                                                                2. Sequential Analysis
                                                                                                                                                  1. Building Analysis
                                                                                                                                                    1. Expansion Analysis
                                                                                                                                                      1. Explanation Analysis
                                                                                                                                                        1. Development Analysis
                                                                                                                                                      2. Interpretation Integration
                                                                                                                                                        1. Meta-inferences
                                                                                                                                                          1. Higher-order Inferences
                                                                                                                                                          2. Theoretical Integration
                                                                                                                                                            1. Practical Integration
                                                                                                                                                              1. Methodological Integration
                                                                                                                                                            2. Quality and Validity
                                                                                                                                                              1. Legitimation Types
                                                                                                                                                                1. Sample Integration Legitimation
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Inside-Outside Legitimation
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Weakness Minimization Legitimation
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Sequential Legitimation
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Conversion Legitimation
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Paradigmatic Mixing Legitimation
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Commensurability Legitimation
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Multiple Validities Legitimation
                                                                                                                                                                              2. Quality Indicators
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Design Quality
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Interpretive Rigor
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Inferential Consistency
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Utilization/Consequential
                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Evaluation Criteria
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Appropriateness
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Meaningfulness
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Efficiency
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Effectiveness

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                                                                                                                                                                                          5. Data Analysis and Interpretation

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                                                                                                                                                                                          7. Communicating Geographic Research