Real-Time Systems

  1. Real-Time Communication
    1. Communication Fundamentals
      1. Network Topologies and Architectures
        1. Bus-Based Topologies
          1. Star Topologies
            1. Ring Topologies
              1. Hierarchical and Hybrid Topologies
              2. Communication Models
                1. Synchronous Communication
                  1. Asynchronous Communication
                    1. Time-Triggered Communication
                      1. Event-Triggered Communication
                    2. Real-Time Network Protocols
                      1. Time-Triggered Protocols
                        1. Time-Triggered Protocol
                          1. Protocol Operation
                            1. Fault Tolerance Features
                            2. FlexRay
                              1. Protocol Operation
                                1. Static and Dynamic Segments
                                  1. Clock Synchronization
                                  2. Time-Sensitive Networking
                                    1. IEEE 802.1 Standards
                                      1. Traffic Shaping
                                    2. Event-Triggered Protocols
                                      1. Controller Area Network
                                        1. Arbitration Mechanism
                                          1. Message Prioritization
                                            1. Error Detection and Handling
                                            2. Real-Time Ethernet
                                              1. Protocol Variants
                                                1. Deterministic Communication
                                                  1. Switched Ethernet Benefits
                                                  2. Profinet
                                                    1. Real-Time Communication Classes
                                                      1. Isochronous Real-Time
                                                    2. Wireless Real-Time Communication
                                                      1. WirelessHART
                                                        1. ISA100.11a
                                                          1. Real-Time WiFi Extensions
                                                        2. Quality of Service Management
                                                          1. Bandwidth Allocation
                                                            1. Static vs. Dynamic Allocation
                                                              1. Bandwidth Reservation
                                                              2. Latency and Jitter Control
                                                                1. Techniques for Minimizing Latency
                                                                  1. Jitter Reduction Methods
                                                                    1. Buffer Management
                                                                    2. Traffic Shaping and Policing
                                                                      1. Token Bucket Algorithm
                                                                        1. Leaky Bucket Algorithm
                                                                          1. Traffic Classification
                                                                        2. Clock Synchronization
                                                                          1. Synchronization Fundamentals
                                                                            1. Internal vs. External Synchronization
                                                                              1. Synchronization Accuracy Requirements
                                                                              2. Network Time Protocol
                                                                                1. Operation and Accuracy
                                                                                  1. Stratum Levels
                                                                                    1. NTP Algorithms
                                                                                    2. Precision Time Protocol
                                                                                      1. Operation and Accuracy
                                                                                        1. Master-Slave Hierarchy
                                                                                          1. Transparent and Boundary Clocks
                                                                                          2. Fault-Tolerant Clock Synchronization
                                                                                            1. Byzantine Fault Tolerance
                                                                                              1. Consensus Algorithms

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                                                                                          6. Real-Time Operating Systems

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                                                                                          8. System Design and Analysis