Real-Time Analytics and Stream Processing

  1. State Management and Fault Tolerance
    1. Durability Mechanisms
      1. Checkpointing
        1. Periodic State Snapshots
          1. Checkpoint Intervals
            1. Incremental Checkpoints
            2. Recovery from Checkpoints
              1. State Restoration
                1. Consistency Guarantees
              2. Savepoints
                1. Manual State Snapshots
                  1. Planned Maintenance
                    1. Version Upgrades
                    2. Savepoint Use Cases
                      1. Application Updates
                        1. Cluster Migration
                    3. State Backend Options
                      1. In-Memory State
                        1. Performance Characteristics
                          1. Fast Access Times
                            1. Memory Limitations
                            2. Use Cases and Limitations
                              1. Small State Applications
                                1. Temporary State
                              2. File System State
                                1. Persistent Storage Options
                                  1. HDFS Integration
                                    1. Cloud Storage Support
                                    2. Scalability and Reliability
                                      1. Distributed Storage
                                        1. Backup Strategies
                                      2. Database State Backends
                                        1. Embedded Key-Value Stores
                                          1. RocksDB Integration
                                            1. Local State Management
                                            2. Performance Trade-offs
                                              1. Durability vs Speed
                                                1. Memory vs Disk Usage
                                            3. Processing Guarantees
                                              1. At-Most-Once Processing
                                                1. Definition and Implications
                                                  1. No Duplicate Processing
                                                    1. Potential Data Loss
                                                    2. Use Cases and Limitations
                                                      1. Best Effort Processing
                                                        1. Performance-Critical Applications
                                                      2. At-Least-Once Processing
                                                        1. Guarantees and Duplicates
                                                          1. No Data Loss
                                                            1. Duplicate Handling Required
                                                            2. Idempotency Handling
                                                              1. Idempotent Operations
                                                                1. Deduplication Strategies
                                                              2. Exactly-Once Processing
                                                                1. End-to-End Guarantees
                                                                  1. Transactional Processing
                                                                    1. Distributed Transactions
                                                                    2. Implementation Strategies
                                                                      1. Two-Phase Commit
                                                                        1. Idempotent Producers
                                                                    3. Failure Recovery Strategies
                                                                      1. Failure Detection
                                                                        1. Health Monitoring
                                                                          1. Timeout Mechanisms
                                                                          2. Restart and Recovery Mechanisms
                                                                            1. Automatic Restart Policies
                                                                              1. State Recovery Procedures
                                                                              2. Data Consistency Handling
                                                                                1. Consistency Models
                                                                                  1. Recovery Validation

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                                                                              7. Algorithms and Analytics on Streams

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                                                                              9. Real-World Applications and Use Cases