Quantum Computing

  1. Physical Realizations of Quantum Computers
    1. DiVincenzo's Criteria for a Quantum Computer
      1. Qubit Scalability
        1. Initialization of Qubits
          1. Long Coherence Times
            1. Universal Gate Set
              1. Qubit-Specific Measurement
                1. Interconversion and Transmission of Qubits
                  1. Additional Criteria for Quantum Communication
                  2. Major Hardware Platforms
                    1. Superconducting Qubits
                      1. Josephson Junctions
                        1. Transmons
                          1. Circuit Design
                            1. Coherence Properties
                              1. Fabrication Techniques
                              2. Fluxoniums
                                1. Circuit Design
                                  1. Noise Resistance
                                  2. Capacitive vs Inductive Coupling
                                    1. Dilution Refrigerators
                                    2. Trapped Ion Qubits
                                      1. Ion Trapping Techniques
                                        1. Paul Traps
                                          1. Penning Traps
                                          2. Laser-Based Gates
                                            1. Single-Qubit Operations
                                              1. Two-Qubit Gates via Phonons
                                              2. State Preparation and Readout
                                                1. Scalability Challenges
                                                2. Photonic Qubits
                                                  1. Single-Photon Sources
                                                    1. Linear Optical Elements
                                                      1. Measurement-Based Quantum Computing
                                                        1. Photon Loss and Detection Efficiency
                                                        2. Neutral Atom Qubits
                                                          1. Optical Lattices
                                                            1. Rydberg Atoms
                                                              1. Rydberg Blockade
                                                                1. Long-Range Interactions
                                                                2. Optical Tweezers
                                                                  1. Atomic Species Selection
                                                                  2. Quantum Dots
                                                                    1. Semiconductor Nanostructures
                                                                      1. Spin Qubits
                                                                        1. Electron Spin
                                                                          1. Nuclear Spin
                                                                          2. Gate-Defined Quantum Dots
                                                                            1. Charge vs Spin Qubits
                                                                            2. Topological Qubits
                                                                              1. Majorana Fermions
                                                                                1. Topological Protection
                                                                                  1. Braiding Operations
                                                                                    1. Current Research Status
                                                                                    2. Other Platforms
                                                                                      1. NV Centers in Diamond
                                                                                        1. Silicon Carbide Defects
                                                                                          1. Molecular Qubits
                                                                                        2. Comparison of Platforms
                                                                                          1. Coherence Times
                                                                                            1. Gate Fidelities
                                                                                              1. Scalability Prospects
                                                                                                1. Operating Conditions

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                                                                                              6. Quantum Algorithms

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                                                                                              8. Challenges in Building Quantum Computers