Pulmonary Mechanics and Physiology
Pulmonary mechanics and physiology is the study of the physical principles governing ventilation, the process of moving air into and out of the lungs. It examines how the contraction of respiratory muscles, like the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, changes the volume and pressure within the thoracic cavity to create the pressure gradients necessary for airflow. This field also investigates crucial functional properties such as lung compliance (stretchability), elastic recoil (the ability to return to a resting state), and airway resistance, which collectively determine the efficiency and work of breathing. The ultimate goal of these mechanics is to ensure a continuous cycle of inspiration and expiration, facilitating the vital physiological process of gas exchange, where oxygen enters the bloodstream and carbon dioxide is removed at the alveolar-capillary membrane.