Pulmonary Mechanics and Physiology

6.

Static Lung Mechanics

6.1.

Lung Volumes and Capacities

6.1.1.

Spirometric Measurements

6.1.1.1.

Principles of Spirometry

6.1.1.2.

Equipment and Techniques

6.1.1.3.

Standardization

6.1.2.

Primary Lung Volumes

6.1.2.1.

6.1.2.2.

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

6.1.2.3.

Expiratory Reserve Volume

6.1.2.4.

Residual Volume

6.1.3.

Lung Capacities

6.1.3.1.

Inspiratory Capacity

6.1.3.2.

Functional Residual Capacity

6.1.3.3.

6.1.3.4.

Total Lung Capacity

6.1.4.

Non-Spirometric Volume Measurements

6.1.4.1.

Helium Dilution Method

6.1.4.2.

Nitrogen Washout Technique

6.1.4.3.

Body Plethysmography

6.2.

Respiratory System Compliance

6.2.1.

Compliance Definition and Units

6.2.2.

Lung Compliance

6.2.2.1.

Measurement Techniques

6.2.2.2.

6.2.2.3.

Age-Related Changes

6.2.3.

Chest Wall Compliance

6.2.3.1.

Mechanical Properties

6.2.3.2.

Developmental Changes

6.2.4.

Total Respiratory System Compliance

6.2.4.1.

Combined Effects

6.2.4.2.

Mathematical Relationships

6.2.5.

Factors Affecting Compliance

6.2.5.1.

Lung Volume Dependency

6.2.5.2.

6.2.5.3.

Surface Tension Effects

6.3.

Elastic Properties

6.3.1.

Lung Elastic Recoil

6.3.1.1.

Tissue Elasticity

6.3.1.2.

Surface Tension Contribution

6.3.2.

Chest Wall Recoil

6.3.2.1.

Outward Elastic Forces

6.3.2.2.

Equilibrium Position

6.3.3.

Functional Residual Capacity

6.3.3.1.

6.3.3.2.

Clinical Significance

6.4.

Surface Tension and Surfactant

6.4.1.

Alveolar Surface Tension

6.4.1.1.

Air-Liquid Interface

6.4.1.2.

Laplace Pressure Effects

6.4.2.

Pulmonary Surfactant

6.4.2.1.

6.4.2.1.1.

6.4.2.1.2.

Surfactant Proteins

6.4.2.2.

Synthesis and Secretion

6.4.2.3.

Mechanism of Action

6.4.2.4.

Developmental Aspects

6.4.3.

Clinical Disorders

6.4.3.1.

Surfactant Deficiency

6.4.3.2.

Acute Lung Injury

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7. Dynamic Lung Mechanics