Population Biology

  1. Population Genetics and Evolution
    1. Genetic Variation in Populations
      1. Sources of Genetic Variation
        1. Mutation
          1. Sexual Reproduction
            1. Gene Flow
            2. Measuring Genetic Diversity
              1. Allele Frequencies
                1. Genotype Frequencies
                  1. Heterozygosity Measures
                    1. Molecular Markers
                    2. Distribution of Genetic Variation
                      1. Within vs Between Populations
                        1. Geographic Patterns
                      2. Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
                        1. Assumptions of Hardy-Weinberg
                          1. Hardy-Weinberg Equations
                            1. Calculating Allele Frequencies
                              1. Testing for Equilibrium
                                1. Deviations from Equilibrium
                                  1. Applications as Null Model
                                  2. Evolutionary Forces
                                    1. Natural Selection
                                      1. Fitness Components
                                        1. Selection Coefficients
                                          1. Types of Selection
                                            1. Directional Selection
                                              1. Stabilizing Selection
                                                1. Disruptive Selection
                                                  1. Balancing Selection
                                                  2. Frequency-Dependent Selection
                                                    1. Density-Dependent Selection
                                                    2. Genetic Drift
                                                      1. Random Sampling Effects
                                                        1. Effective Population Size
                                                          1. Founder Effects
                                                            1. Population Bottlenecks
                                                              1. Fixation Probabilities
                                                                1. Neutral Theory
                                                                2. Gene Flow
                                                                  1. Migration Models
                                                                    1. Homogenizing Effects
                                                                      1. Local Adaptation vs Gene Flow
                                                                        1. Isolation by Distance
                                                                        2. Mutation
                                                                          1. Mutation Rates
                                                                            1. Types of Mutations
                                                                              1. Mutation-Selection Balance
                                                                                1. Neutral Mutations
                                                                                2. Non-Random Mating
                                                                                  1. Inbreeding
                                                                                    1. Assortative Mating
                                                                                      1. Population Subdivision
                                                                                        1. Wahlund Effect
                                                                                      2. Population Genetic Structure
                                                                                        1. F-Statistics
                                                                                          1. Population Differentiation
                                                                                            1. Phylogeography
                                                                                              1. Molecular Clocks

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                                                                                            8. Spatial Population Dynamics

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                                                                                            10. Applied Population Biology