Population Biology

  1. Life History Evolution and Strategies
    1. Life History Theory
      1. Principle of Allocation
        1. Energy and Resource Budgets
          1. Evolutionary Optimization
            1. Constraints on Life History Evolution
            2. Major Life History Trade-offs
              1. Reproduction vs Survival
                1. Current vs Future Reproduction
                  1. Offspring Number vs Offspring Size
                    1. Growth vs Reproduction
                      1. Parental Investment Strategies
                        1. Age at First Reproduction
                          1. Reproductive Lifespan
                            1. Senescence and Aging
                            2. Life History Classifications
                              1. r-selected Species
                                1. Characteristics and Traits
                                  1. Environmental Adaptations
                                    1. Examples from Different Taxa
                                    2. K-selected Species
                                      1. Characteristics and Traits
                                        1. Environmental Adaptations
                                          1. Examples from Different Taxa
                                          2. The r-K Selection Continuum
                                            1. Alternative Classification Systems
                                            2. Reproductive Strategies
                                              1. Semelparity vs Iteroparity
                                                1. Reproductive Timing
                                                  1. Mating Systems
                                                    1. Parental Care Strategies
                                                    2. Environmental Influences on Life History
                                                      1. Predictable vs Unpredictable Environments
                                                        1. Resource Availability
                                                          1. Mortality Patterns
                                                            1. Competition Intensity

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                                                          5. Population Regulation Mechanisms

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                                                          7. Interspecific Interactions and Population Effects