PCI and Device Management

  1. The Device Management Lifecycle
    1. Phase 1: Device Enumeration
      1. System Firmware Role (BIOS/UEFI)
        1. Power-On Self Test (POST)
          1. Initial Hardware Scan
            1. Scanning All Buses
              1. Scanning All Devices
                1. Basic Device Detection
                2. Firmware Device Tables
                  1. Hand-off to Operating System
                    1. Passing Device Information
                      1. System Resource Maps
                    2. Operating System Bus Scanning
                      1. Starting at Bus 0 (Root Bus)
                        1. Reading Configuration Headers
                          1. Vendor ID Verification
                            1. Device ID Identification
                            2. Identifying Device Types
                              1. Endpoint Device Detection
                                1. Bridge Device Detection
                                2. Bridge Traversal
                                  1. PCI-to-PCI Bridge Discovery
                                    1. Secondary Bus Scanning
                                      1. Recursive Enumeration Process
                                      2. Multi-Function Device Handling
                                        1. Function 0 Requirements
                                          1. Additional Function Discovery
                                        2. Device Tree Construction
                                          1. Creating System-Wide Device Map
                                            1. Representing Hierarchical Relationships
                                              1. Device Dependency Tracking
                                                1. Topology Validation
                                              2. Phase 2: Resource Allocation
                                                1. System Resource Types
                                                  1. Memory Address Ranges (MMIO)
                                                    1. Memory Space Organization
                                                      1. Address Range Allocation
                                                        1. Memory Mapping Strategies
                                                        2. I/O Port Ranges
                                                          1. I/O Space Organization
                                                            1. Port Range Allocation
                                                              1. I/O Mapping Strategies
                                                              2. Interrupt Request (IRQ) Lines
                                                                1. IRQ Assignment Policies
                                                                  1. Interrupt Sharing Mechanisms
                                                                    1. IRQ Routing Tables
                                                                  2. Resource Allocation Process
                                                                    1. Reading Device Requirements
                                                                      1. BAR Analysis
                                                                        1. Resource Size Determination
                                                                          1. Alignment Requirements
                                                                          2. Address Range Assignment
                                                                            1. Non-Conflicting Range Selection
                                                                              1. Address Decoding Considerations
                                                                                1. Memory Hole Avoidance
                                                                                2. BAR Programming
                                                                                  1. Writing Assigned Addresses
                                                                                    1. Enabling Memory/I/O Decoding
                                                                                    2. Interrupt Configuration
                                                                                      1. Hardware Pin to IRQ Mapping
                                                                                        1. Interrupt Line Register Programming
                                                                                          1. Interrupt Controller Setup
                                                                                        2. Resource Conflict Resolution
                                                                                          1. Conflict Detection Methods
                                                                                            1. Resource Reallocation Strategies
                                                                                              1. Error Handling Procedures
                                                                                            2. Phase 3: Device Driver Management
                                                                                              1. Device Driver Fundamentals
                                                                                                1. Software Interface to Hardware
                                                                                                  1. OS-Hardware Communication Layer
                                                                                                    1. Driver Architecture Models
                                                                                                      1. Monolithic Drivers
                                                                                                        1. Layered Drivers
                                                                                                          1. Miniport Drivers
                                                                                                        2. Driver Discovery and Matching
                                                                                                          1. Vendor ID and Device ID Matching
                                                                                                            1. Class Code-Based Generic Drivers
                                                                                                              1. Subsystem ID Matching
                                                                                                                1. Compatible ID Lists
                                                                                                                  1. Driver Store and Search Paths
                                                                                                                    1. System Driver Directories
                                                                                                                      1. Third-Party Driver Locations
                                                                                                                        1. Driver Package Management
                                                                                                                      2. Driver Loading and Initialization
                                                                                                                        1. Driver Loading Process
                                                                                                                          1. Device Probing Procedures
                                                                                                                            1. Hardware Presence Verification
                                                                                                                              1. Device Capability Detection
                                                                                                                              2. Resource Mapping
                                                                                                                                1. Memory Resource Mapping
                                                                                                                                  1. I/O Resource Mapping
                                                                                                                                    1. DMA Buffer Allocation
                                                                                                                                    2. Interrupt Service Routine Registration
                                                                                                                                      1. ISR Installation
                                                                                                                                        1. Interrupt Handler Setup
                                                                                                                                        2. Device Enabling
                                                                                                                                          1. Command Register Configuration
                                                                                                                                            1. Device-Specific Initialization
                                                                                                                                            2. Device Node Creation
                                                                                                                                              1. User-Space Interface Creation
                                                                                                                                                1. Device File System Integration
                                                                                                                                              2. Driver Operation and Management
                                                                                                                                                1. Runtime Device Management
                                                                                                                                                  1. Power Management Integration
                                                                                                                                                    1. Error Handling and Recovery
                                                                                                                                                      1. Performance Monitoring
                                                                                                                                                      2. Driver Removal and Cleanup
                                                                                                                                                        1. Safe Device Shutdown Procedures
                                                                                                                                                          1. Resource Release Process
                                                                                                                                                            1. Memory Resource Cleanup
                                                                                                                                                              1. I/O Resource Cleanup
                                                                                                                                                                1. Interrupt Handler Removal
                                                                                                                                                                2. Driver Unloading Process
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Device Node Removal

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                                                                                                                                                              2. PCI Architecture and Hardware

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                                                                                                                                                              4. Evolution to PCI Express (PCIe)