Pavement Design and Management

9.

Pavement Maintenance and Rehabilitation (M&R)

9.1.

Pavement Preservation Philosophy

9.1.1.

Preventive vs. Corrective Approaches

9.1.1.1.

Preventive Maintenance Benefits

9.1.1.2.

Corrective Maintenance Limitations

9.1.1.3.

Cost-Effectiveness Comparisons

9.1.2.

Cost-Effectiveness of Preservation

9.1.2.1.

Economic Benefits

9.1.2.2.

Performance Benefits

9.1.2.3.

Network-Level Impacts

9.2.

Maintenance Strategies

9.2.1.

Reactive Maintenance

9.2.1.1.

Emergency Repairs

9.2.1.1.1.

Safety-Related Repairs

9.2.1.1.2.

Immediate Response

9.2.2.

Preventive Maintenance

9.2.2.1.

Scheduled Treatments

9.2.2.1.1.

Treatment Timing

9.2.2.1.2.

Condition Triggers

9.2.3.

Corrective Maintenance

9.2.3.1.

Addressing Identified Deficiencies

9.2.3.1.1.

Structural Repairs

9.2.3.1.2.

Functional Improvements

9.3.

Rehabilitation Techniques for Flexible Pavements

9.3.1.

Crack Sealing and Filling

9.3.1.1.

Materials and Methods

9.3.1.1.1.

Hot-Applied Sealants

9.3.1.1.2.

Cold-Applied Sealants

9.3.1.1.3.

Application Procedures

9.3.2.

9.3.2.1.

9.3.2.1.1.

Excavation Procedures

9.3.2.1.2.

Material Placement

9.3.2.1.3.

Compaction Requirements

9.3.2.2.

9.3.2.2.1.

Surface Preparation

9.3.2.2.2.

Patching Materials

9.3.2.2.3.

Finishing Techniques

9.3.3.

Surface Treatments

9.3.3.1.

9.3.3.1.1.

Material Requirements

9.3.3.1.2.

Application Rates

9.3.3.1.3.

9.3.3.2.

9.3.3.2.1.

Aggregate Selection

9.3.3.2.2.

Binder Application

9.3.3.2.3.

Rolling Procedures

9.3.3.3.

9.3.3.3.1.

9.3.3.3.2.

Application Methods

9.3.3.3.3.

Curing Requirements

9.3.3.4.

Micro-Surfacing

9.3.3.4.1.

Material Properties

9.3.3.4.2.

Application Techniques

9.3.3.4.3.

Traffic Control

9.3.4.

Overlays (Asphalt Concrete)

9.3.4.1.

9.3.4.1.1.

Thickness Requirements

9.3.4.1.2.

Surface Preparation

9.3.4.1.3.

Reflection Cracking

9.3.4.2.

Structural Overlays

9.3.4.2.1.

Design Procedures

9.3.4.2.2.

Thickness Determination

9.3.4.2.3.

Interface Treatments

9.3.5.

Milling and Recycling

9.3.5.1.

9.3.5.1.1.

Milling Equipment

9.3.5.1.2.

9.3.5.1.3.

Surface Preparation

9.3.5.2.

Hot In-Place Recycling

9.3.5.2.1.

Heating Methods

9.3.5.2.2.

Mixing Procedures

9.3.5.2.3.

Compaction Requirements

9.4.

Rehabilitation Techniques for Rigid Pavements

9.4.1.

Joint and Crack Sealing

9.4.1.1.

Materials and Application

9.4.1.1.1.

9.4.1.1.2.

Installation Procedures

9.4.1.1.3.

Quality Control

9.4.2.

9.4.2.1.

9.4.2.1.1.

Repair Materials

9.4.2.1.2.

Surface Preparation

9.4.2.1.3.

Finishing Requirements

9.4.2.2.

9.4.2.2.1.

Removal Procedures

9.4.2.2.2.

Replacement Materials

9.4.2.2.3.

Curing Requirements

9.4.3.

Slab Stabilization (Undersealing)

9.4.3.1.

Grouting Methods

9.4.3.1.1.

Grout Materials

9.4.3.1.2.

Injection Procedures

9.4.3.1.3.

Pressure Requirements

9.4.4.

Diamond Grinding

9.4.4.1.

Surface Restoration

9.4.4.1.1.

Grinding Equipment

9.4.4.1.2.

Surface Profile

9.4.4.1.3.

Noise Reduction

9.4.5.

Dowel Bar Retrofit

9.4.5.1.

Installation Procedures

9.4.5.1.1.

9.4.5.1.2.

Dowel Placement

9.4.5.1.3.

9.4.6.

Concrete Overlays

9.4.6.1.

Bonded Overlays

9.4.6.1.1.

Surface Preparation

9.4.6.1.2.

9.4.6.1.3.

Thickness Requirements

9.4.6.2.

Unbonded Overlays

9.4.6.2.1.

Separation Layer

9.4.6.2.2.

Thickness Design

9.4.6.2.3.

9.5.

Selection of M&R Strategies

9.5.1.

Condition Assessment

9.5.1.1.

Structural Evaluation

9.5.1.2.

Functional Evaluation

9.5.1.3.

Remaining Life Estimation

9.5.2.

9.5.2.1.

Treatment Costs

9.5.2.2.

Life-Cycle Costs

9.5.2.3.

Benefit-Cost Analysis

9.5.3.

Performance Prediction

9.5.3.1.

Treatment Effectiveness

9.5.3.2.

Service Life Extension

9.5.3.3.

Performance Models

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