Optics and Waves

  1. Mechanical Waves
    1. Waves on Strings
      1. String Properties
        1. Tension
          1. Linear Mass Density
            1. Length
            2. Wave Speed Formula
              1. Boundary Conditions
                1. Fixed Ends
                  1. Free Ends
                    1. Mixed Boundaries
                    2. Reflection and Transmission
                      1. Impedance Matching
                        1. Reflection Coefficients
                          1. Transmission Coefficients
                          2. Standing Waves on Strings
                            1. Harmonic Frequencies
                              1. Mode Shapes
                                1. Musical Applications
                              2. Sound Waves
                                1. Nature of Sound
                                  1. Longitudinal Pressure Waves
                                    1. Compression and Rarefaction
                                      1. Particle Displacement
                                      2. Sound Speed
                                        1. In Gases
                                          1. Temperature Dependence
                                            1. Molecular Mass Effects
                                            2. In Liquids
                                              1. Bulk Modulus
                                                1. Density Effects
                                                2. In Solids
                                                  1. Elastic Moduli
                                                    1. Longitudinal vs Transverse
                                                  2. Sound Characteristics
                                                    1. Pitch and Frequency
                                                      1. Loudness and Amplitude
                                                        1. Timbre and Harmonics
                                                        2. Sound Intensity
                                                          1. Definition and Units
                                                            1. Threshold of Hearing
                                                              1. Pain Threshold
                                                                1. Decibel Scale
                                                                  1. Logarithmic Nature
                                                                    1. Reference Levels
                                                                      1. Common Sound Levels
                                                                    2. Doppler Effect
                                                                      1. Physical Mechanism
                                                                        1. Moving Source Cases
                                                                          1. Moving Observer Cases
                                                                            1. General Doppler Formula
                                                                              1. Relativistic Effects
                                                                              2. Shock Waves
                                                                                1. Supersonic Motion
                                                                                  1. Mach Number
                                                                                    1. Sonic Booms
                                                                                      1. Bow Waves
                                                                                      2. Acoustic Applications
                                                                                        1. Musical Instruments
                                                                                          1. String Instruments
                                                                                            1. Wind Instruments
                                                                                              1. Percussion Instruments
                                                                                              2. Ultrasound
                                                                                                1. Medical Imaging
                                                                                                  1. Non-Destructive Testing
                                                                                                  2. Sonar and Echolocation
                                                                                                    1. Noise Control
                                                                                                  3. Seismic Waves
                                                                                                    1. Types of Seismic Waves
                                                                                                      1. P-waves
                                                                                                        1. S-waves
                                                                                                          1. Surface Waves
                                                                                                          2. Wave Propagation in Earth
                                                                                                            1. Earthquake Detection

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                                                                                                          3. Wave Behavior and Interactions

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                                                                                                          5. Electromagnetic Waves