Neuroanatomy

8.

The CNS: The Cerebrum

8.1.

Cerebral Hemispheres

8.1.1.

Longitudinal Fissure

8.1.1.1.

Interhemispheric Separation

8.1.2.

Corpus Callosum

8.1.2.1.

8.1.2.1.1.

Frontal Lobe Connections

8.1.2.2.

8.1.2.2.1.

Parietal Lobe Connections

8.1.2.3.

8.1.2.3.1.

Occipital and Temporal Connections

8.1.3.

Major Gyri and Sulci

8.1.3.1.

8.1.3.1.1.

Motor-Sensory Boundary

8.1.3.2.

Precentral Gyrus

8.1.3.2.1.

Primary Motor Cortex

8.1.3.3.

Postcentral Gyrus

8.1.3.3.1.

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

8.1.3.4.

8.1.3.4.1.

Insular Cortex Access

8.1.3.5.

Parieto-occipital Sulcus

8.1.3.5.1.

8.1.3.6.

Calcarine Sulcus

8.1.3.6.1.

Primary Visual Cortex

8.2.

Cerebral Cortex

8.2.1.

Lobes of the Brain

8.2.1.1.

8.2.1.1.1.

Prefrontal Cortex

8.2.1.1.1.1.

Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex

8.2.1.1.1.2.

Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex

8.2.1.1.1.3.

Orbitofrontal Cortex

8.2.1.1.2.

8.2.1.1.2.1.

Primary Motor Cortex

8.2.1.1.2.2.

Premotor Cortex

8.2.1.1.2.3.

Supplementary Motor Area

8.2.1.1.3.

8.2.1.2.

8.2.1.2.1.

Somatosensory Areas

8.2.1.2.1.1.

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

8.2.1.2.1.2.

Secondary Somatosensory Cortex

8.2.1.2.2.

Posterior Parietal Cortex

8.2.1.2.2.1.

Spatial Processing

8.2.1.2.2.2.

8.2.1.3.

8.2.1.3.1.

8.2.1.3.1.1.

Primary Auditory Cortex

8.2.1.3.1.2.

Secondary Auditory Areas

8.2.1.3.2.

Hippocampal Formation

8.2.1.3.2.1.

Memory Processing

8.2.1.3.3.

Temporal Association Areas

8.2.1.3.4.

Wernicke's Area

8.2.1.4.

8.2.1.4.1.

8.2.1.4.1.1.

Primary Visual Cortex

8.2.1.4.1.2.

Secondary Visual Areas

8.2.1.4.1.3.

Visual Association Areas

8.2.1.5.

8.2.1.5.1.

Interoceptive Processing

8.2.1.5.2.

Emotional Processing

8.2.2.

Cellular Organization

8.2.2.1.

Neocortical Layers

8.2.2.1.1.

8.2.2.1.1.1.

Molecular Layer

8.2.2.1.2.

8.2.2.1.2.1.

External Granular Layer

8.2.2.1.3.

8.2.2.1.3.1.

External Pyramidal Layer

8.2.2.1.4.

8.2.2.1.4.1.

Internal Granular Layer

8.2.2.1.5.

8.2.2.1.5.1.

Internal Pyramidal Layer

8.2.2.1.6.

8.2.2.1.6.1.

Multiform Layer

8.2.2.2.

8.2.2.2.1.

Pyramidal Cells

8.2.2.2.1.1.

Apical Dendrites

8.2.2.2.1.2.

Basal Dendrites

8.2.2.2.2.

8.2.2.2.3.

8.2.2.2.3.1.

8.2.2.2.3.2.

Chandelier Cells

8.2.3.

Functional Areas

8.2.3.1.

Primary Sensory Areas

8.2.3.1.1.

Primary Motor Cortex

8.2.3.1.2.

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

8.2.3.1.3.

Primary Visual Cortex

8.2.3.1.4.

Primary Auditory Cortex

8.2.3.2.

Association Cortices

8.2.3.2.1.

Unimodal Association Areas

8.2.3.2.1.1.

Visual Association Areas

8.2.3.2.1.2.

Auditory Association Areas

8.2.3.2.1.3.

Somatosensory Association Areas

8.2.3.2.2.

Multimodal Association Areas

8.2.3.2.2.1.

Prefrontal Cortex

8.2.3.2.2.2.

Posterior Parietal Cortex

8.2.3.2.2.3.

Superior Temporal Sulcus

8.2.4.

8.2.4.1.

Cytoarchitectonic Classification

8.2.4.2.

Functional Correlates

8.2.4.2.1.

Area 4 - Primary Motor

8.2.4.2.2.

Areas 3, 1, 2 - Primary Somatosensory

8.2.4.2.3.

Area 17 - Primary Visual

8.2.4.2.4.

Areas 41, 42 - Primary Auditory

8.3.

Cerebral White Matter

8.3.1.

Association Fibers

8.3.1.1.

Short Association Fibers

8.3.1.1.1.

8.3.1.1.2.

Local Connections

8.3.1.2.

Long Association Fibers

8.3.1.2.1.

Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus

8.3.1.2.2.

Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus

8.3.1.2.3.

Uncinate Fasciculus

8.3.1.2.4.

8.3.2.

Commissural Fibers

8.3.2.1.

Corpus Callosum

8.3.2.1.1.

Interhemispheric Connections

8.3.2.2.

Anterior Commissure

8.3.2.2.1.

Temporal Lobe Connections

8.3.2.3.

Posterior Commissure

8.3.2.3.1.

Midbrain Connections

8.3.3.

Projection Fibers

8.3.3.1.

Internal Capsule

8.3.3.1.1.

8.3.3.1.2.

8.3.3.1.3.

8.3.3.2.

8.3.3.2.1.

Thalamocortical Radiations

8.3.3.2.2.

Corticofugal Fibers

8.4.

8.4.1.

Component Structures

8.4.1.1.

Caudate Nucleus

8.4.1.1.1.

Head, Body, and Tail

8.4.1.2.

8.4.1.2.1.

Sensorimotor Processing

8.4.1.3.

Globus Pallidus

8.4.1.3.1.

External Segment

8.4.1.3.2.

Internal Segment

8.4.1.4.

Subthalamic Nucleus

8.4.1.4.1.

Excitatory Output

8.4.1.5.

Substantia Nigra

8.4.1.5.1.

8.4.1.5.2.

Pars Reticulata

8.4.2.

Functional Groupings

8.4.2.1.

8.4.2.1.1.

Caudate and Putamen

8.4.2.1.2.

Input Structure

8.4.2.2.

Lentiform Nucleus

8.4.2.2.1.

Putamen and Globus Pallidus

8.4.2.3.

8.4.2.3.1.

Output Structure

8.4.3.

Major Circuits and Loops

8.4.3.1.

8.4.3.1.1.

Facilitation of Movement

8.4.3.2.

Indirect Pathway

8.4.3.2.1.

Inhibition of Movement

8.4.3.3.

Hyperdirect Pathway

8.4.3.3.1.

Rapid Inhibition

8.4.4.

Functional Loops

8.4.4.1.

8.4.4.2.

8.4.4.3.

8.5.

8.5.1.

8.5.1.1.

Hippocampal Formation

8.5.1.1.1.

8.5.1.1.1.1.

8.5.1.1.1.2.

8.5.1.1.2.

8.5.1.1.2.1.

8.5.1.1.2.2.

8.5.1.1.2.3.

8.5.1.1.3.

8.5.1.1.3.1.

8.5.1.2.

8.5.1.2.1.

Basolateral Complex

8.5.1.2.2.

Central Nucleus

8.5.1.2.3.

8.5.1.3.

Cingulate Gyrus

8.5.1.3.1.

Anterior Cingulate Cortex

8.5.1.3.2.

Posterior Cingulate Cortex

8.5.1.4.

8.5.1.4.1.

Hippocampal Output

8.5.1.5.

Mammillary Bodies

8.5.1.5.1.

Hypothalamic Component

8.5.1.6.

8.5.1.7.

Parahippocampal Gyrus

8.5.2.

Limbic Pathways

8.5.2.1.

8.5.2.2.

Perforant Pathway

8.5.2.3.

Trisynaptic Circuit

8.5.3.

Functional Roles

8.5.3.1.

Memory Formation

8.5.3.2.

Emotional Processing

8.5.3.3.

Motivation and Reward

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9. Protective Coverings, Ventricles, and Vascular Supply