Nanochemistry

6.

Unique Properties at the Nanoscale

6.1.

Optical Properties

6.1.1.

Surface Plasmon Resonance

6.1.1.1.

Metal Nanoparticles

6.1.1.2.

Sensing Applications

6.1.2.

Size-Dependent Photoluminescence

6.1.2.1.

6.1.2.2.

Emission Tuning

6.1.3.

Enhanced Light Absorption

6.1.4.

Enhanced Light Scattering

6.1.5.

Nanostructured Surfaces

6.1.6.

Photonic Crystals

6.1.6.1.

Band Gap Engineering

6.2.

Electronic and Electrical Properties

6.2.1.

Quantum Tunneling

6.2.1.1.

Electron Transport in Nanogaps

6.2.2.

Ballistic Conduction

6.2.2.1.

Mean Free Path Considerations

6.2.3.

Size-Dependent Band Gap

6.2.3.1.

Quantum Confinement in Semiconductors

6.2.4.

Coulomb Blockade

6.2.4.1.

Single-Electron Devices

6.3.

Magnetic Properties

6.3.1.

Superparamagnetism

6.3.1.1.

Magnetic Nanoparticles

6.3.2.

Giant Magnetoresistance

6.3.2.1.

Spintronics Applications

6.4.

Mechanical Properties

6.4.1.

Enhanced Hardness

6.4.2.

Enhanced Strength

6.4.3.

Nanocrystalline Materials

6.4.4.

Superplasticity

6.4.4.1.

Deformation Mechanisms

6.4.5.

High Elastic Modulus

6.4.5.1.

Carbon Nanotubes

6.4.5.2.

6.5.

Catalytic Properties

6.5.1.

High Surface Area

6.5.2.

High Active Site Density

6.5.3.

Shape Selectivity

6.5.4.

Size Selectivity

6.5.5.

Enhanced Reaction Rates

6.5.6.

6.5.6.1.

Semiconductor Nanomaterials

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7. Applications of Nanochemistry