Materials Science

12.

Magnetic Properties of Materials

12.1.

Fundamentals of Magnetism

12.1.1.

Magnetic Dipoles

12.1.2.

Magnetic Moment

12.1.3.

12.1.4.

Magnetic Field Quantities

12.1.5.

Magnetic Susceptibility

12.1.6.

12.2.

Origins of Magnetic Moments

12.2.1.

Orbital Magnetic Moments

12.2.2.

Spin Magnetic Moments

12.2.3.

Total Magnetic Moment

12.3.

Types of Magnetic Behavior

12.3.1.

12.3.1.1.

Characteristics

12.3.1.2.

12.3.2.

12.3.2.1.

Characteristics

12.3.2.2.

12.3.3.

12.3.3.1.

Exchange Interaction

12.3.3.2.

Spontaneous Magnetization

12.3.3.3.

Curie Temperature

12.3.3.4.

Domain Structure

12.3.3.4.1.

Domain Formation

12.3.3.4.2.

12.3.3.4.3.

Domain Wall Motion

12.3.3.5.

12.3.3.5.1.

Hysteresis Loop

12.3.3.5.2.

12.3.3.5.3.

12.3.3.5.4.

Saturation Magnetization

12.3.4.

Antiferromagnetism

12.3.4.1.

Magnetic Ordering

12.3.4.2.

Néel Temperature

12.3.5.

12.3.5.1.

Uncompensated Antiferromagnetism

12.4.

Magnetic Domains

12.4.1.

12.4.2.

Domain Wall Types

12.4.3.

Magnetization Process

12.5.

Soft and Hard Magnetic Materials

12.5.1.

Soft Magnetic Materials

12.5.1.1.

Characteristics

12.5.2.

Hard Magnetic Materials

12.5.2.1.

Characteristics

12.5.2.2.

12.6.

Magnetic Applications

12.6.1.

12.6.2.

Motors and Generators

12.6.3.

Magnetic Storage

12.6.4.

Magnetic Sensors

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13. Optical Properties of Materials