Masonry Design and Structures

  1. Construction and Quality Assurance
    1. Pre-Construction Planning
      1. Site Investigation
        1. Soil Conditions
          1. Environmental Factors
            1. Access Requirements
            2. Material Procurement
              1. Material Specifications
                1. Supplier Qualification
                  1. Delivery Scheduling
                  2. Construction Sequencing
                    1. Work Phases
                      1. Weather Considerations
                        1. Resource Planning
                      2. Site Preparation
                        1. Layout and Surveying
                          1. Dimensional Control
                            1. Elevation Establishment
                              1. Reference Points
                              2. Material Storage
                                1. Unit Storage Requirements
                                  1. Mortar Material Storage
                                    1. Protection from Weather
                                    2. Equipment and Tools
                                      1. Mixing Equipment
                                        1. Lifting Equipment
                                          1. Hand Tools
                                            1. Safety Equipment
                                          2. Mortar and Grout Operations
                                            1. Mixing Procedures
                                              1. Batch Proportioning
                                                1. Mixing Time Requirements
                                                  1. Consistency Control
                                                  2. Quality Control
                                                    1. Fresh Property Testing
                                                      1. Hardened Property Testing
                                                        1. Sampling Procedures
                                                        2. Handling and Placement
                                                          1. Transportation Methods
                                                            1. Placement Techniques
                                                              1. Time Limitations
                                                            2. Masonry Construction Techniques
                                                              1. Unit Laying Procedures
                                                                1. Bed Joint Preparation
                                                                  1. Unit Placement
                                                                    1. Alignment Control
                                                                      1. Joint Thickness Control
                                                                      2. Bond Patterns
                                                                        1. Running Bond
                                                                          1. Stack Bond
                                                                            1. Flemish Bond
                                                                              1. English Bond
                                                                                1. Header Bond
                                                                                2. Jointing and Tooling
                                                                                  1. Joint Profiles
                                                                                    1. Tooling Timing
                                                                                      1. Surface Finishing
                                                                                      2. Plumb and Level Control
                                                                                        1. Story Poles
                                                                                          1. String Lines
                                                                                            1. Laser Levels
                                                                                              1. Quality Checks
                                                                                            2. Reinforcement Installation
                                                                                              1. Placement Requirements
                                                                                                1. Cover Requirements
                                                                                                  1. Spacing Tolerances
                                                                                                    1. Splice Requirements
                                                                                                    2. Joint Reinforcement
                                                                                                      1. Placement Procedures
                                                                                                        1. Mortar Embedment
                                                                                                          1. Continuity Requirements
                                                                                                          2. Vertical Reinforcement
                                                                                                            1. Positioning Methods
                                                                                                              1. Support Systems
                                                                                                                1. Grouting Preparation
                                                                                                              2. Grouting Operations
                                                                                                                1. Preparation Procedures
                                                                                                                  1. Space Cleaning
                                                                                                                    1. Reinforcement Positioning
                                                                                                                      1. Moisture Control
                                                                                                                      2. Placement Methods
                                                                                                                        1. Low-Lift Grouting
                                                                                                                          1. High-Lift Grouting
                                                                                                                            1. Pumping Techniques
                                                                                                                            2. Consolidation
                                                                                                                              1. Vibration Methods
                                                                                                                                1. Rodding Techniques
                                                                                                                                  1. Void Prevention
                                                                                                                                  2. Curing Requirements
                                                                                                                                    1. Moisture Retention
                                                                                                                                      1. Temperature Control
                                                                                                                                        1. Protection Methods
                                                                                                                                      2. Accessory Installation
                                                                                                                                        1. Flashing Installation
                                                                                                                                          1. Placement Procedures
                                                                                                                                            1. Sealing Requirements
                                                                                                                                              1. Continuity Details
                                                                                                                                              2. Weep Hole Installation
                                                                                                                                                1. Spacing Requirements
                                                                                                                                                  1. Installation Methods
                                                                                                                                                    1. Drainage Verification
                                                                                                                                                    2. Anchor Installation
                                                                                                                                                      1. Positioning Requirements
                                                                                                                                                        1. Installation Procedures
                                                                                                                                                          1. Load Testing
                                                                                                                                                        2. Weather Protection
                                                                                                                                                          1. Hot Weather Construction
                                                                                                                                                            1. Temperature Effects
                                                                                                                                                              1. Moisture Control
                                                                                                                                                                1. Shading Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Curing Modifications
                                                                                                                                                                  2. Cold Weather Construction
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Freezing Protection
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Heating Methods
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Material Modifications
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Quality Control
                                                                                                                                                                          2. Wet Weather Construction
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Moisture Protection
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Work Suspension Criteria
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Drying Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                              2. Quality Control and Testing
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Material Testing
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Unit Testing
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Mortar Testing
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Grout Testing
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Reinforcement Testing
                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Construction Testing
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Prism Testing
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Bond Wrench Testing
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. In-Place Testing
                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Inspection Procedures
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Pre-Construction Inspection
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Progress Inspection
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Final Inspection
                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Documentation Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Test Reports
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Inspection Records
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. As-Built Documentation
                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Cleaning and Protection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Cleaning Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Water Cleaning
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Chemical Cleaning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Abrasive Cleaning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Steam Cleaning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Cleaning Timing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Initial Cleaning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Final Cleaning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Restoration Cleaning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Protection Measures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Temporary Protection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Permanent Protection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Sealant Application

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                          5. Design of Masonry Structures

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                          7. Evaluation and Retrofit of Existing Masonry