Manufacturing Processes

  1. Formative Processes: Sheet Metalworking
    1. Sheet Metal Characteristics
      1. Material Properties
        1. Yield Strength
          1. Tensile Strength
            1. Elongation
              1. r-Value (Lankford Coefficient)
                1. n-Value (Strain Hardening Exponent)
                2. Formability Assessment
                  1. Forming Limit Curves
                    1. Erichsen Test
                      1. Swift Cup Test
                      2. Anisotropy in Sheet Metals
                        1. Planar Anisotropy
                          1. Normal Anisotropy
                            1. Effects on Forming
                          2. Shearing Operations
                            1. Blanking and Punching
                              1. Process Mechanics
                                1. Clearance Effects
                                  1. Shear Angle
                                    1. Force Requirements
                                    2. Piercing
                                      1. Parting and Cutoff
                                        1. Trimming
                                          1. Shaving
                                            1. Fine Blanking
                                              1. Nibbling
                                                1. Slitting and Shearing
                                                  1. Die Design for Shearing
                                                    1. Progressive Dies
                                                      1. Compound Dies
                                                        1. Transfer Dies
                                                      2. Bending Operations
                                                        1. V-Bending
                                                          1. Bend Allowance
                                                            1. Springback Calculation
                                                              1. Minimum Bend Radius
                                                              2. Air Bending
                                                                1. Bottoming
                                                                  1. Coining
                                                                    1. Edge Bending and Flanging
                                                                      1. Roll Bending
                                                                        1. Tube Bending
                                                                          1. Bending Force Calculations
                                                                            1. Springback Compensation
                                                                            2. Deep Drawing Operations
                                                                              1. Process Variables
                                                                                1. Blank Holder Force
                                                                                  1. Drawing Speed
                                                                                    1. Lubrication
                                                                                      1. Die Geometry
                                                                                      2. Drawing Ratio Limits
                                                                                        1. Redrawing Operations
                                                                                          1. Ironing
                                                                                            1. Drawing Defects
                                                                                              1. Wrinkling
                                                                                                1. Tearing
                                                                                                  1. Earing
                                                                                                    1. Orange Peel Effect
                                                                                                  2. Specialized Sheet Metal Operations
                                                                                                    1. Stretch Forming
                                                                                                      1. Spinning
                                                                                                        1. Conventional Spinning
                                                                                                          1. Shear Spinning
                                                                                                            1. Flow Forming
                                                                                                            2. Embossing and Coining
                                                                                                              1. Bulging
                                                                                                                1. Hydraulic Bulging
                                                                                                                  1. Rubber Pad Forming
                                                                                                                  2. Superplastic Forming
                                                                                                                    1. Explosive Forming
                                                                                                                      1. Electromagnetic Forming
                                                                                                                        1. Incremental Sheet Forming

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                                                                                                                      5. Formative Processes: Bulk Deformation

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                                                                                                                      7. Processing of Polymers and Composites