Manufacturing Processes

  1. Formative Processes: Bulk Deformation
    1. Fundamentals of Metal Forming
      1. Stress-Strain Relationships
        1. True Stress and Strain
          1. Engineering Stress and Strain
            1. Stress-Strain Curves
              1. Work Hardening
              2. Yield Criteria
                1. Tresca Yield Criterion
                  1. von Mises Yield Criterion
                    1. Application to Forming Processes
                    2. Plastic Flow and Deformation
                      1. Flow Stress
                        1. Strain Rate Effects
                          1. Temperature Effects
                          2. Formability and Workability
                            1. Formability Tests
                              1. Forming Limit Diagrams
                                1. Workability Criteria
                                2. Temperature Effects in Forming
                                  1. Hot Working
                                    1. Advantages and Disadvantages
                                      1. Recrystallization
                                        1. Grain Refinement
                                        2. Cold Working
                                          1. Advantages and Disadvantages
                                            1. Work Hardening Effects
                                              1. Residual Stresses
                                              2. Warm Working
                                                1. Process Characteristics
                                            2. Forging Processes
                                              1. Open Die Forging
                                                1. Smith Forging
                                                  1. Upset Forging
                                                    1. Press Forging
                                                      1. Forging Equipment
                                                      2. Closed Die Forging
                                                        1. Impression Die Forging
                                                          1. Flash and Flashless Forging
                                                            1. Die Design Considerations
                                                              1. Forging Sequence
                                                              2. Specialized Forging Processes
                                                                1. Roll Forging
                                                                  1. Swaging
                                                                    1. Heading and Upsetting
                                                                      1. Coining
                                                                        1. Hubbing
                                                                        2. Forging Defects
                                                                          1. Laps and Folds
                                                                            1. Incomplete Filling
                                                                              1. Scale Pits
                                                                                1. Die Shift
                                                                              2. Rolling Processes
                                                                                1. Flat Rolling
                                                                                  1. Rolling Mill Types
                                                                                    1. Two-High Mills
                                                                                      1. Three-High Mills
                                                                                        1. Four-High Mills
                                                                                          1. Cluster Mills
                                                                                          2. Rolling Parameters
                                                                                            1. Reduction Ratio
                                                                                              1. Roll Force
                                                                                                1. Roll Torque
                                                                                                  1. Rolling Speed
                                                                                                  2. Roll Pass Design
                                                                                                    1. Rolling Defects
                                                                                                      1. Surface Defects
                                                                                                        1. Edge Cracking
                                                                                                          1. Alligatoring
                                                                                                        2. Shape Rolling
                                                                                                          1. Structural Shape Rolling
                                                                                                            1. Rail Rolling
                                                                                                              1. Pipe and Tube Rolling
                                                                                                              2. Ring Rolling
                                                                                                                1. Thread Rolling
                                                                                                                  1. Gear Rolling
                                                                                                                  2. Extrusion Processes
                                                                                                                    1. Direct Extrusion
                                                                                                                      1. Process Mechanics
                                                                                                                        1. Extrusion Force
                                                                                                                          1. Die Design
                                                                                                                            1. Product Characteristics
                                                                                                                            2. Indirect Extrusion
                                                                                                                              1. Process Advantages
                                                                                                                                1. Equipment Requirements
                                                                                                                                2. Impact Extrusion
                                                                                                                                  1. Hydrostatic Extrusion
                                                                                                                                    1. Hot vs Cold Extrusion
                                                                                                                                      1. Extrusion Defects
                                                                                                                                        1. Surface Cracking
                                                                                                                                          1. Internal Cracking
                                                                                                                                            1. Piping Defect
                                                                                                                                              1. Bamboo Defect
                                                                                                                                            2. Drawing Processes
                                                                                                                                              1. Wire Drawing
                                                                                                                                                1. Drawing Dies
                                                                                                                                                  1. Drawing Force
                                                                                                                                                    1. Multi-Stage Drawing
                                                                                                                                                      1. Annealing Between Passes
                                                                                                                                                      2. Bar Drawing
                                                                                                                                                        1. Tube Drawing
                                                                                                                                                          1. Tube Sinking
                                                                                                                                                            1. Tube Drawing with Mandrel
                                                                                                                                                            2. Deep Drawing
                                                                                                                                                              1. Process Mechanics
                                                                                                                                                                1. Blank Holder Force
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Drawing Ratio
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Multi-Stage Drawing
                                                                                                                                                                    2. Drawing Defects
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Wire Breaks
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Surface Defects
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Dimensional Variations

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                                                                                                                                                                      4. Formative Processes: Casting

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                                                                                                                                                                      6. Formative Processes: Sheet Metalworking