Light and Plant Growth

7.

Plant Responses to Light Intensity

7.1.

Low Light Adaptations

7.1.1.

Increased Leaf Area

7.1.2.

7.1.3.

Higher Chlorophyll Content

7.1.4.

Altered Chlorophyll a/b Ratio

7.1.5.

The Light Compensation Point

7.2.

High Light Stress

7.2.1.

Photoinhibition

7.2.1.1.

Damage to Photosystem II

7.2.1.2.

Mechanisms of Damage

7.2.2.

Oxidative Stress

7.2.2.1.

Formation of Reactive Oxygen Species

7.2.3.

Protective Mechanisms

7.2.3.1.

Non-Photochemical Quenching

7.2.3.2.

The Xanthophyll Cycle

7.2.3.3.

Production of Antioxidants

7.2.3.4.

Leaf Movements and Orientation

7.2.4.

The Light Saturation Point

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6. Photoperiodism

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8. Applications in Controlled Environment Agriculture