Kubernetes Security

  1. Application and Code Security
    1. Secrets Management
      1. Kubernetes Secrets
        1. Understanding Secret Objects
          1. Secret Types
            1. Secret Data Encoding
              1. Secret Lifecycle
              2. Limitations of Default Secrets
                1. Base64 Encoding Limitations
                  1. etcd Storage Concerns
                    1. Access Control Limitations
                    2. Encrypting Secrets at Rest
                      1. Encryption Provider Configuration
                        1. Key Management for Encryption
                          1. Encryption Verification
                          2. Managing Access to Secrets via RBAC
                            1. Secret-specific RBAC Policies
                              1. Namespace-level Secret Access
                                1. Service Account Secret Access
                                2. Secret Lifecycle Management
                                  1. Secret Creation and Distribution
                                    1. Secret Rotation Procedures
                                      1. Secret Cleanup and Deletion
                                    2. External Secrets Management
                                      1. Integration with Vault
                                        1. Vault Authentication Methods
                                          1. Kubernetes Auth Method
                                            1. JWT Auth Method
                                              1. AppRole Auth Method
                                              2. Secret Injection Patterns
                                                1. Init Container Pattern
                                                  1. Sidecar Pattern
                                                    1. Operator Pattern
                                                  2. Integration with Cloud Provider KMS
                                                    1. AWS Secrets Manager
                                                      1. IAM Role Configuration
                                                        1. Secret Retrieval Methods
                                                          1. Rotation Configuration
                                                          2. Azure Key Vault
                                                            1. Managed Identity Configuration
                                                              1. Secret Access Policies
                                                                1. Key Vault Integration
                                                                2. Google Secret Manager
                                                                  1. Service Account Configuration
                                                                    1. Secret Access Controls
                                                                      1. Secret Versioning
                                                                    2. External Secrets Operator Pattern
                                                                      1. Operator Deployment
                                                                        1. Operator Installation
                                                                          1. Operator Configuration
                                                                            1. Operator Security
                                                                            2. Synchronization Strategies
                                                                              1. Pull-based Synchronization
                                                                                1. Push-based Synchronization
                                                                                  1. Event-driven Synchronization
                                                                            3. Application Security Best Practices
                                                                              1. Secure Coding Practices
                                                                                1. Input Validation
                                                                                  1. Data Type Validation
                                                                                    1. Range Validation
                                                                                      1. Format Validation
                                                                                      2. Output Encoding
                                                                                        1. HTML Encoding
                                                                                          1. URL Encoding
                                                                                            1. JSON Encoding
                                                                                            2. Secure Error Handling
                                                                                              1. Error Message Sanitization
                                                                                                1. Error Logging Security
                                                                                                  1. Error Response Standardization
                                                                                                  2. Dependency Management
                                                                                                    1. Dependency Inventory
                                                                                                      1. Vulnerability Tracking
                                                                                                        1. Update Management
                                                                                                      2. Static Application Security Testing
                                                                                                        1. Tool Integration in CI/CD
                                                                                                          1. SAST Tool Selection
                                                                                                            1. Pipeline Integration
                                                                                                              1. Result Processing
                                                                                                              2. Remediation of Findings
                                                                                                                1. Vulnerability Prioritization
                                                                                                                  1. Fix Implementation
                                                                                                                    1. Verification Testing
                                                                                                                  2. Dynamic Application Security Testing
                                                                                                                    1. Automated DAST Tools
                                                                                                                      1. Tool Configuration
                                                                                                                        1. Scan Scheduling
                                                                                                                          1. Result Analysis
                                                                                                                          2. Runtime Vulnerability Detection
                                                                                                                            1. Real-time Scanning
                                                                                                                              1. Behavioral Analysis
                                                                                                                                1. Threat Detection
                                                                                                                              2. Software Composition Analysis for Dependencies
                                                                                                                                1. Identifying Vulnerable Libraries
                                                                                                                                  1. Dependency Scanning
                                                                                                                                    1. Vulnerability Databases
                                                                                                                                      1. Risk Assessment
                                                                                                                                      2. Managing Dependency Updates
                                                                                                                                        1. Update Prioritization
                                                                                                                                          1. Compatibility Testing
                                                                                                                                            1. Rollback Procedures
                                                                                                                                          2. Resource Management
                                                                                                                                            1. ResourceQuotas
                                                                                                                                              1. Setting Quotas per Namespace
                                                                                                                                                1. CPU and Memory Quotas
                                                                                                                                                  1. Storage Quotas
                                                                                                                                                    1. Object Count Quotas
                                                                                                                                                    2. Monitoring Resource Usage
                                                                                                                                                      1. Usage Tracking
                                                                                                                                                        1. Quota Enforcement
                                                                                                                                                          1. Usage Alerting
                                                                                                                                                        2. LimitRanges
                                                                                                                                                          1. Enforcing Resource Limits
                                                                                                                                                            1. Default Limits
                                                                                                                                                              1. Maximum Limits
                                                                                                                                                                1. Minimum Limits
                                                                                                                                                                2. Preventing Resource Exhaustion
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Resource Starvation Prevention
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Fair Resource Allocation
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Resource Contention Management
                                                                                                                                                                  2. Application-level Logging and Monitoring
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Secure Logging Practices
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Log Data Sanitization
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Sensitive Data Redaction
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Log Access Controls
                                                                                                                                                                          2. Application Telemetry
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Metrics Collection
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Distributed Tracing
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Performance Monitoring

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                                                                                                                                                                          6. Operational Security and Governance