Kubernetes Security

  1. Container Security
    1. Securing Container Images
      1. Base Image Hardening
        1. Using Minimal Base Images
          1. Distroless Images
            1. Alpine Linux Images
              1. Scratch Images
              2. Removing Unnecessary Tools and Packages
                1. Package Removal Strategies
                  1. Tool Inventory Management
                    1. Security Tool Exceptions
                    2. Regular Base Image Updates
                      1. Update Scheduling
                        1. Update Testing Procedures
                          1. Update Rollback Strategies
                        2. Image Vulnerability Scanning
                          1. Static Analysis in CI/CD Pipelines
                            1. Integrating Scanning Tools
                              1. Trivy Integration
                                1. Clair Integration
                                  1. Snyk Integration
                                  2. Handling Scan Results
                                    1. Vulnerability Triage
                                      1. False Positive Management
                                        1. Remediation Tracking
                                      2. Registry-based Scanning
                                        1. Automated Scanning on Push
                                          1. Registry Webhook Configuration
                                            1. Scan Result Processing
                                              1. Scan Result Storage
                                              2. Vulnerability Reporting
                                                1. Report Generation
                                                  1. Report Distribution
                                                    1. Report Analysis
                                                2. Image Signing and Verification
                                                  1. Using Notary
                                                    1. Notary Server Setup
                                                      1. Image Signing Process
                                                        1. Signature Verification
                                                        2. Using Sigstore and Cosign
                                                          1. Cosign Installation and Configuration
                                                            1. Keyless Signing
                                                              1. Signature Verification with Cosign
                                                              2. Enforcing Image Provenance
                                                                1. Image Policy Enforcement
                                                                  1. Admission Controller Integration
                                                                    1. Policy Definition
                                                                      1. Policy Violation Handling
                                                                    2. Image Pull Policies
                                                                      1. Always Pull Policy
                                                                        1. IfNotPresent Policy
                                                                          1. Never Pull Policy
                                                                      2. Container Runtime Security
                                                                        1. Pod Security Context
                                                                          1. Running as a Non-Root User
                                                                            1. User ID Configuration
                                                                              1. Group ID Configuration
                                                                                1. User Namespace Mapping
                                                                                2. Read-only Root Filesystem
                                                                                  1. Filesystem Mount Configuration
                                                                                    1. Temporary Directory Management
                                                                                      1. Application Adaptation Strategies
                                                                                      2. Dropping Capabilities
                                                                                        1. Linux Capability Management
                                                                                          1. Capability Drop Lists
                                                                                            1. Minimal Capability Sets
                                                                                            2. Privilege Escalation Control
                                                                                              1. AllowPrivilegeEscalation Setting
                                                                                                1. Privilege Escalation Prevention
                                                                                                  1. Monitoring Privilege Escalation
                                                                                                  2. Securing Volume Mounts
                                                                                                    1. Volume Mount Permissions
                                                                                                      1. Sensitive Volume Protection
                                                                                                        1. Volume Mount Validation
                                                                                                      2. Linux Security Mechanisms
                                                                                                        1. Seccomp
                                                                                                          1. Default Seccomp Profiles
                                                                                                            1. Kubernetes Default Profile
                                                                                                              1. Runtime Default Profile
                                                                                                                1. Profile Customization
                                                                                                                2. Custom Seccomp Profiles
                                                                                                                  1. Profile Creation
                                                                                                                    1. Profile Testing
                                                                                                                      1. Profile Deployment
                                                                                                                    2. AppArmor
                                                                                                                      1. AppArmor Profile Assignment
                                                                                                                        1. Profile Selection
                                                                                                                          1. Profile Application
                                                                                                                            1. Profile Inheritance
                                                                                                                            2. Profile Customization
                                                                                                                              1. Custom Profile Development
                                                                                                                                1. Profile Testing
                                                                                                                                  1. Profile Maintenance
                                                                                                                                2. SELinux
                                                                                                                                  1. SELinux Modes
                                                                                                                                    1. Enforcing Mode
                                                                                                                                      1. Permissive Mode
                                                                                                                                        1. Disabled Mode
                                                                                                                                        2. Policy Configuration
                                                                                                                                          1. Policy Selection
                                                                                                                                            1. Policy Customization
                                                                                                                                              1. Policy Troubleshooting
                                                                                                                                          2. Sandboxed Containers and MicroVMs
                                                                                                                                            1. gVisor
                                                                                                                                              1. Architecture and Use Cases
                                                                                                                                                1. Kernel Emulation
                                                                                                                                                  1. System Call Interception
                                                                                                                                                    1. Performance Considerations
                                                                                                                                                  2. Kata Containers
                                                                                                                                                    1. Architecture and Use Cases
                                                                                                                                                      1. Hardware Virtualization
                                                                                                                                                        1. VM-based Isolation
                                                                                                                                                          1. Integration with Kubernetes
                                                                                                                                                        2. Firecracker MicroVMs
                                                                                                                                                          1. Security Benefits
                                                                                                                                                            1. Minimal Attack Surface
                                                                                                                                                              1. Hardware-level Isolation
                                                                                                                                                                1. Fast Boot Times
                                                                                                                                                            2. Container Runtime Isolation
                                                                                                                                                              1. Runtime Selection
                                                                                                                                                                1. containerd Configuration
                                                                                                                                                                  1. CRI-O Configuration
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Runtime Comparison
                                                                                                                                                                    2. Runtime Hardening Practices
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Runtime Configuration Security
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Runtime Update Management
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Runtime Monitoring

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                                                                                                                                                                    3. Cluster Security

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                                                                                                                                                                    5. Application and Code Security