Hydrogeology

  1. Contaminant Hydrogeology
    1. Sources of Contamination
      1. Point Sources
        1. Landfills
          1. Underground Storage Tanks
            1. Industrial Facilities
              1. Septic Systems
                1. Injection Wells
                2. Non-Point Sources
                  1. Agricultural Activities
                    1. Urban Runoff
                      1. Atmospheric Deposition
                        1. Road Salt Application
                      2. Types of Contaminants
                        1. Inorganic Contaminants
                          1. Nitrates
                            1. Heavy Metals
                              1. Salts
                                1. Radionuclides
                                2. Organic Contaminants
                                  1. Petroleum Hydrocarbons
                                    1. Chlorinated Solvents
                                      1. Pesticides
                                        1. Pharmaceuticals
                                        2. Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids
                                          1. Light NAPLs
                                            1. Dense NAPLs
                                              1. Multiphase Flow
                                              2. Microbial Contaminants
                                                1. Bacteria
                                                  1. Viruses
                                                    1. Protozoa
                                                  2. Transport Processes
                                                    1. Advection
                                                      1. Bulk Fluid Movement
                                                        1. Velocity Calculations
                                                        2. Dispersion
                                                          1. Mechanical Dispersion
                                                            1. Molecular Diffusion
                                                              1. Hydrodynamic Dispersion
                                                                1. Dispersion Coefficients
                                                                2. Retardation Processes
                                                                  1. Sorption Mechanisms
                                                                    1. Retardation Factor
                                                                      1. Partitioning Coefficients
                                                                      2. Transformation Processes
                                                                        1. Chemical Degradation
                                                                          1. Biological Degradation
                                                                            1. Radioactive Decay
                                                                          2. Plume Characterization
                                                                            1. Plume Delineation
                                                                              1. Monitoring Well Networks
                                                                                1. Sampling Strategies
                                                                                  1. Plume Evolution
                                                                                    1. Natural Attenuation

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                                                                                  10. Groundwater Chemistry

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                                                                                  12. Groundwater Investigation and Remediation