Hydrogeology

  1. Groundwater Chemistry
    1. Chemical Composition of Groundwater
      1. Major Ions
        1. Calcium
          1. Magnesium
            1. Sodium
              1. Potassium
                1. Bicarbonate
                  1. Sulfate
                    1. Chloride
                      1. Nitrate
                      2. Minor and Trace Constituents
                        1. Iron
                          1. Manganese
                            1. Arsenic
                              1. Fluoride
                                1. Other Trace Elements
                                2. Dissolved Gases
                                  1. Oxygen
                                    1. Carbon Dioxide
                                      1. Methane
                                        1. Hydrogen Sulfide
                                          1. Nitrogen
                                        2. Chemical Processes
                                          1. Dissolution and Precipitation
                                            1. Solubility Principles
                                              1. Saturation Indices
                                                1. Mineral Equilibria
                                                2. Acid-Base Reactions
                                                  1. pH Control
                                                    1. Buffering Systems
                                                      1. Carbonate System
                                                      2. Redox Reactions
                                                        1. Electron Transfer Processes
                                                          1. Redox Zonation
                                                            1. Eh-pH Diagrams
                                                            2. Adsorption and Ion Exchange
                                                              1. Surface Complexation
                                                                1. Cation Exchange
                                                                  1. Anion Exchange
                                                                2. Water Quality Assessment
                                                                  1. Drinking Water Standards
                                                                    1. Primary Standards
                                                                      1. Secondary Standards
                                                                        1. Health Implications
                                                                        2. Agricultural Use Criteria
                                                                          1. Salinity Effects
                                                                            1. Sodium Hazard
                                                                              1. Trace Element Toxicity
                                                                              2. Industrial Use Criteria
                                                                                1. Corrosivity
                                                                                  1. Scaling Potential
                                                                                    1. Process-Specific Requirements
                                                                                  2. Graphical Representation
                                                                                    1. Stiff Diagrams
                                                                                      1. Piper Diagrams
                                                                                        1. Schoeller Diagrams
                                                                                          1. Durov Diagrams
                                                                                            1. Interpretation Techniques
                                                                                            2. Isotope Hydrogeology
                                                                                              1. Stable Isotopes
                                                                                                1. Oxygen-18
                                                                                                  1. Deuterium
                                                                                                    1. Carbon-13
                                                                                                      1. Sulfur-34
                                                                                                      2. Radioactive Isotopes
                                                                                                        1. Tritium
                                                                                                          1. Carbon-14
                                                                                                            1. Chlorine-36
                                                                                                            2. Applications
                                                                                                              1. Age Dating
                                                                                                                1. Source Identification
                                                                                                                  1. Flow Path Tracing
                                                                                                                    1. Recharge Source Determination

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                                                                                                                9. Well Hydraulics and Aquifer Testing

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                                                                                                                11. Contaminant Hydrogeology