Geoarchaeology

  1. Site Formation and Transformation Processes
    1. Cultural Formation Processes
      1. Acquisition Processes
        1. Resource Procurement
          1. Raw Material Collection
          2. Manufacturing Processes
            1. Tool Production
              1. Construction Activities
                1. Craft Production
                2. Use Processes
                  1. Domestic Activities
                    1. Subsistence Activities
                      1. Ritual and Ceremonial Use
                      2. Discard Processes
                        1. Primary Refuse
                          1. Secondary Refuse
                            1. De Facto Refuse
                            2. Abandonment Processes
                              1. Planned Abandonment
                                1. Sudden Abandonment
                                  1. Gradual Abandonment
                                  2. Reoccupation and Reuse
                                    1. Site Maintenance
                                      1. Structural Modifications
                                        1. Activity Area Changes
                                      2. Natural Formation Processes
                                        1. Geomorphic Processes
                                          1. Depositional Processes
                                            1. Alluviation
                                              1. Colluviation
                                                1. Aeolian Deposition
                                                  1. Mass Wasting Deposits
                                                  2. Erosional Processes
                                                    1. Surface Erosion
                                                      1. Gully Formation
                                                        1. Bank Erosion
                                                        2. Mass Movement Processes
                                                          1. Soil Creep
                                                            1. Landslides
                                                              1. Debris Flows
                                                                1. Rockfall
                                                              2. Pedogenic Processes
                                                                1. Bioturbation
                                                                  1. Faunalturbation
                                                                    1. Floralturbation
                                                                    2. Cryoturbation
                                                                      1. Frost Heaving
                                                                        1. Freeze-Thaw Cycles
                                                                        2. Argilliturbation
                                                                          1. Clay Shrink-Swell
                                                                          2. Graviturbation
                                                                            1. Downslope Movement
                                                                          3. Chemical and Physical Alteration
                                                                            1. Weathering Processes
                                                                              1. Physical Weathering
                                                                                1. Chemical Weathering
                                                                                  1. Biological Weathering
                                                                                  2. Diagenetic Changes
                                                                                    1. Post-Depositional Modifications

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                                                                                3. Sediments, Soils, and Stratigraphy

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                                                                                5. Field Methods and Techniques