Gardening

  1. Foundational Science for Gardeners
    1. Basic Plant Biology
      1. Plant Anatomy
        1. Root Systems
          1. Taproot Systems
            1. Fibrous Root Systems
              1. Adventitious Roots
                1. Root Functions
                  1. Root Growth Patterns
                  2. Stem Structure
                    1. Herbaceous Stems
                      1. Woody Stems
                        1. Modified Stems
                          1. Stem Functions
                            1. Growth Patterns
                            2. Leaf Structure
                              1. Leaf Parts
                                1. Leaf Shapes
                                  1. Leaf Arrangements
                                    1. Leaf Functions
                                      1. Leaf Modifications
                                      2. Flower Structure
                                        1. Flower Parts
                                          1. Complete vs Incomplete Flowers
                                            1. Perfect vs Imperfect Flowers
                                              1. Flower Arrangements
                                              2. Fruit Development
                                                1. Fruit Formation
                                                  1. Types of Fruits
                                                    1. Fruit Ripening
                                                    2. Seed Structure
                                                      1. Seed Parts
                                                        1. Seed Types
                                                          1. Seed Dispersal
                                                        2. Plant Physiology
                                                          1. Photosynthesis
                                                            1. Light-Dependent Reactions
                                                              1. Light-Independent Reactions
                                                                1. Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
                                                                  1. Chlorophyll and Pigments
                                                                  2. Cellular Respiration
                                                                    1. Energy Production
                                                                      1. Factors Affecting Respiration
                                                                      2. Transpiration
                                                                        1. Water Movement
                                                                          1. Stomatal Function
                                                                            1. Environmental Factors
                                                                            2. Nutrient Uptake
                                                                              1. Root Absorption
                                                                                1. Nutrient Transport
                                                                                  1. Nutrient Storage
                                                                                  2. Plant Hormones
                                                                                    1. Auxins
                                                                                      1. Gibberellins
                                                                                        1. Cytokinins
                                                                                          1. Abscisic Acid
                                                                                            1. Ethylene
                                                                                          2. Plant Life Cycles
                                                                                            1. Annual Plants
                                                                                              1. Cool-Season Annuals
                                                                                                1. Warm-Season Annuals
                                                                                                  1. Growth Characteristics
                                                                                                  2. Biennial Plants
                                                                                                    1. First Year Growth
                                                                                                      1. Vernalization
                                                                                                        1. Second Year Flowering
                                                                                                        2. Perennial Plants
                                                                                                          1. Herbaceous Perennials
                                                                                                            1. Woody Perennials
                                                                                                              1. Dormancy Patterns
                                                                                                            2. Plant Reproduction
                                                                                                              1. Sexual Reproduction
                                                                                                                1. Pollination
                                                                                                                  1. Fertilization
                                                                                                                    1. Seed Development
                                                                                                                    2. Asexual Reproduction
                                                                                                                      1. Vegetative Propagation
                                                                                                                        1. Runners and Stolons
                                                                                                                          1. Bulbs and Corms
                                                                                                                            1. Fragmentation
                                                                                                                        2. Understanding Soil Science
                                                                                                                          1. Soil Formation
                                                                                                                            1. Parent Material
                                                                                                                              1. Climate Effects
                                                                                                                                1. Topography
                                                                                                                                  1. Organisms
                                                                                                                                    1. Time
                                                                                                                                    2. Soil Composition
                                                                                                                                      1. Mineral Components
                                                                                                                                        1. Sand Properties
                                                                                                                                          1. Silt Properties
                                                                                                                                            1. Clay Properties
                                                                                                                                              1. Particle Size Distribution
                                                                                                                                              2. Organic Matter
                                                                                                                                                1. Fresh Organic Matter
                                                                                                                                                  1. Decomposing Matter
                                                                                                                                                    1. Humus
                                                                                                                                                      1. Decomposition Process
                                                                                                                                                      2. Soil Water
                                                                                                                                                        1. Water Holding Capacity
                                                                                                                                                          1. Available Water
                                                                                                                                                            1. Water Movement
                                                                                                                                                            2. Soil Air
                                                                                                                                                              1. Pore Space
                                                                                                                                                                1. Gas Exchange
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Aeration Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                2. Soil Physical Properties
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Soil Texture
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Texture Classes
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Texture Triangle
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Field Testing Methods
                                                                                                                                                                        2. Soil Structure
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Aggregate Formation
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Structure Types
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Structure Stability
                                                                                                                                                                              2. Soil Density
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Bulk Density
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Particle Density
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Porosity
                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Soil Temperature
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Temperature Fluctuations
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Thermal Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Management Practices
                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Soil Chemical Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Soil pH
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. pH Scale
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Factors Affecting pH
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. pH Testing Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. pH Adjustment Techniques
                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Nutrient Availability
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Macronutrients
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Nitrogen Forms
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Phosphorus Availability
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Potassium Forms
                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Secondary Nutrients
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Calcium
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Magnesium
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Sulfur
                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Micronutrients
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Iron
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Manganese
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Zinc
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Copper
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Boron
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Molybdenum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Chlorine
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Cation Exchange Capacity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Exchange Sites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Base Saturation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Nutrient Retention
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Soil Biological Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Soil Microorganisms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Bacteria Functions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Fungi Roles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Actinomycetes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Algae and Protozoa
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Soil Fauna
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Earthworms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Arthropods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Nematodes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Other Invertebrates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Soil Food Web
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Energy Flow
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Nutrient Cycling
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Decomposition Processes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Mycorrhizal Relationships
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Arbuscular Mycorrhizae
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Ectomycorrhizae
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Benefits to Plants
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Garden Ecology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Climate Factors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Temperature
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Daily Temperature Fluctuations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Seasonal Patterns
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Extreme Temperature Events
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Precipitation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Rainfall Patterns
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Seasonal Distribution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Drought Periods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Humidity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Relative Humidity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Effects on Plant Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Wind
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Wind Patterns
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Wind Damage
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Beneficial Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Microclimates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Creating Microclimates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Identifying Existing Microclimates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Modifying Microclimates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Urban Heat Islands
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Plant Hardiness
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Hardiness Zone Maps
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Heat Zone Maps
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Selecting Appropriate Plants
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Acclimatization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Beneficial Organisms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Pollinators
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Native Bees
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Honey Bees
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Butterflies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Moths
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Other Pollinators
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Predatory Insects
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Ladybugs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Lacewings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Predatory Wasps
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Ground Beetles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Parasitic Insects
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Parasitic Wasps
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Tachinid Flies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Soil Organisms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Beneficial Bacteria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Mycorrhizal Fungi
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Decomposer Organisms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Plant Interactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Companion Planting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Beneficial Combinations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Nutrient Sharing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Pest Deterrence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Allelopathy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Chemical Inhibition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Natural Herbicides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Competition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Resource Competition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Space Competition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Succession
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Primary Succession
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Secondary Succession
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Managing Succession

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Introduction to Gardening

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              3. Planning and Designing the Garden