Galactic and Extragalactic Astrophysics

6.

Large-Scale Structure of the Universe

6.1.

6.1.1.

Hierarchical Structure

6.1.1.1.

Nodes, Filaments, Sheets, Voids

6.1.1.2.

Connectivity and Topology

6.1.2.

6.1.2.1.

Definition and Examples

6.1.2.2.

Dynamical Properties

6.1.2.3.

X-ray Properties

6.1.3.

Galaxy Clusters

6.1.3.1.

Richness and Morphology

6.1.3.2.

Cluster Mass Measurement

6.1.3.3.

Relaxed vs. Unrelaxed

6.1.4.

6.1.4.1.

Large-scale Overdensities

6.1.4.2.

Mapping Techniques

6.1.4.3.

Supercluster Catalogs

6.1.5.

Filaments and Voids

6.1.5.1.

Structure and Connectivity

6.1.5.2.

6.1.5.3.

Void Statistics

6.2.

Galaxy Groups and Clusters

6.2.1.

The Local Group

6.2.1.1.

Member Galaxies

6.2.1.2.

Dynamics and Interactions

6.2.1.3.

Timing Argument

6.2.2.

The Virgo Cluster

6.2.2.1.

Structure and Substructure

6.2.2.2.

Distance Measurement

6.2.2.3.

6.2.3.

Cluster Composition

6.2.3.1.

6.2.3.1.1.

Morphological Mix

6.2.3.1.2.

Star Formation Suppression

6.2.3.1.3.

Luminosity Function

6.2.3.2.

Intracluster Medium

6.2.3.2.1.

6.2.3.2.2.

Cooling and Heating Processes

6.2.3.2.3.

Temperature Profiles

6.2.3.3.

6.2.3.3.1.

Mass Mapping Techniques

6.2.3.3.2.

Gravitational Lensing Evidence

6.2.3.3.3.

6.2.4.

Galaxy Evolution in Dense Environments

6.2.4.1.

Ram-pressure Stripping

6.2.4.1.1.

Gas Removal Mechanisms

6.2.4.1.2.

Jellyfish Galaxies

6.2.4.2.

Galaxy Harassment

6.2.4.2.1.

Tidal Interactions

6.2.4.2.2.

High-speed Encounters

6.2.4.3.

6.2.4.3.1.

Starvation of Gas Supply

6.2.4.3.2.

Preprocessing in Groups

6.2.5.

Cluster Scaling Relations

6.2.5.1.

Mass-Temperature Relation

6.2.5.2.

Luminosity-Temperature Relation

6.2.5.3.

Self-similarity

6.3.

Measuring Large-Scale Structure

6.3.1.

Galaxy Redshift Surveys

6.3.1.1.

Survey Techniques

6.3.1.2.

Mapping the 3D Universe

6.3.1.3.

Fiber Collision Effects

6.3.2.

Correlation Functions

6.3.2.1.

Two-point Correlation Function

6.3.2.2.

Clustering Strength

6.3.2.3.

Redshift-space Distortions

6.3.3.

6.3.3.1.

Fourier Analysis of Density Fluctuations

6.3.3.2.

Cosmological Constraints

6.3.3.3.

Baryon Acoustic Oscillations

6.3.4.

Void Statistics

6.3.4.1.

Void Size Function

6.3.4.2.

6.4.

Intergalactic Medium

6.4.1.

The Lyman-alpha Forest

6.4.1.1.

Absorption Line Systems

6.4.1.2.

Probing the IGM Structure

6.4.1.3.

Damped Lyman-alpha Systems

6.4.2.

Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium

6.4.2.1.

Detection Methods

6.4.2.2.

6.4.2.3.

Missing Baryon Problem

6.4.3.

Metal Enrichment

6.4.3.1.

Sources of Metals

6.4.3.2.

Enrichment History

6.5.

Gravitational Lensing by Large-Scale Structure

6.5.1.

6.5.1.1.

Multiple Images and Arcs

6.5.1.2.

Mass Measurement Applications

6.5.1.3.

Time Delay Cosmography

6.5.2.

6.5.2.1.

Shear Measurement

6.5.2.2.

Mapping Dark Matter

6.5.2.3.

6.5.3.

6.5.3.1.

Detection of Compact Objects

6.5.3.2.

Timescales and Light Curves

6.5.3.3.

Caustic Crossing Events

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