Flow Analysis and Engineering

5.

Computational Fluid Dynamics

5.1.

CFD Fundamentals

5.1.1.

Numerical Methods Overview

5.1.1.1.

Finite Difference Method

5.1.1.2.

Finite Volume Method

5.1.1.3.

Finite Element Method

5.1.2.

Discretization Concepts

5.1.2.1.

Spatial Discretization

5.1.2.2.

Temporal Discretization

5.1.2.3.

Grid Generation Principles

5.1.3.

Role of CFD in Engineering

5.1.3.1.

Design Process Integration

5.1.3.2.

Advantages and Limitations

5.1.3.3.

Validation and Verification

5.2.

5.2.1.

5.2.1.1.

Geometry Creation

5.2.1.1.1.

CAD Integration

5.2.1.1.2.

Geometry Cleanup

5.2.1.1.3.

Feature Removal

5.2.1.2.

Domain Definition

5.2.1.2.1.

Physical Domain

5.2.1.2.2.

Computational Domain

5.2.1.2.3.

Boundary Identification

5.2.1.3.

Mesh Generation

5.2.1.3.1.

Structured Meshes

5.2.1.3.1.1.

Cartesian Grids

5.2.1.3.1.2.

Curvilinear Grids

5.2.1.3.1.3.

Body-Fitted Coordinates

5.2.1.3.2.

Unstructured Meshes

5.2.1.3.2.1.

Triangular Elements

5.2.1.3.2.2.

Tetrahedral Elements

5.2.1.3.2.3.

Polyhedral Elements

5.2.1.3.3.

5.2.1.3.3.1.

Prismatic Layers

5.2.1.3.3.2.

Transition Strategies

5.2.1.3.4.

5.2.1.3.4.1.

Skewness Assessment

5.2.1.3.4.2.

Aspect Ratio Control

5.2.1.3.4.3.

Orthogonality Measures

5.2.1.4.

Boundary Conditions

5.2.1.4.1.

Inlet Conditions

5.2.1.4.2.

Outlet Conditions

5.2.1.4.3.

Wall Conditions

5.2.1.4.4.

Symmetry Conditions

5.2.1.4.5.

Periodic Conditions

5.2.2.

Solution Process

5.2.2.1.

Solver Selection

5.2.2.1.1.

Pressure-Based Solvers

5.2.2.1.2.

Density-Based Solvers

5.2.2.1.3.

Coupled vs Segregated

5.2.2.2.

Numerical Schemes

5.2.2.2.1.

Convection Schemes

5.2.2.2.2.

Diffusion Schemes

5.2.2.2.3.

Time Integration

5.2.2.3.

Convergence Monitoring

5.2.2.3.1.

Residual Tracking

5.2.2.3.2.

Solution Stability

5.2.2.3.3.

Convergence Criteria

5.2.3.

Post-Processing

5.2.3.1.

Data Extraction

5.2.3.1.1.

5.2.3.1.2.

5.2.3.1.3.

5.2.3.1.4.

5.2.3.2.

5.2.3.2.1.

5.2.3.2.2.

5.2.3.2.3.

5.2.3.2.4.

5.2.3.3.

Quantitative Analysis

5.2.3.3.1.

Force Calculations

5.2.3.3.2.

Moment Calculations

5.2.3.3.3.

Integral Quantities

5.2.3.3.4.

Performance Parameters

5.3.

Numerical Methods

5.3.1.

Spatial Discretization

5.3.1.1.

5.3.1.1.1.

First-Order Upwind

5.3.1.1.2.

Second-Order Upwind

5.3.1.1.3.

Higher-Order Schemes

5.3.1.2.

Central Differencing

5.3.1.2.1.

Second-Order Central

5.3.1.2.2.

Stability Considerations

5.3.1.3.

Advanced Schemes

5.3.1.3.1.

5.3.1.3.2.

5.3.1.3.3.

5.3.2.

Temporal Discretization

5.3.2.1.

Explicit Methods

5.3.2.1.1.

5.3.2.1.2.

Runge-Kutta Methods

5.3.2.1.3.

Stability Restrictions

5.3.2.2.

Implicit Methods

5.3.2.2.1.

5.3.2.2.2.

5.3.2.2.3.

Unconditional Stability

5.3.3.

Linear System Solution

5.3.3.1.

5.3.3.1.1.

Gaussian Elimination

5.3.3.1.2.

LU Decomposition

5.3.3.2.

Iterative Methods

5.3.3.2.1.

5.3.3.2.2.

Gauss-Seidel Method

5.3.3.2.3.

Conjugate Gradient

5.3.3.2.4.

Multigrid Methods

5.4.

Turbulence Modeling

5.4.1.

Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Models

5.4.1.1.

Spalart-Allmaras Model

5.4.1.1.1.

Model Equations

5.4.1.1.2.

Applications and Limitations

5.4.1.2.

5.4.1.2.1.

Standard k-ε Model

5.4.1.2.2.

Realizable k-ε Model

5.4.1.2.3.

5.4.1.3.

5.4.1.3.1.

Standard k-ω Model

5.4.1.3.2.

5.4.2.

Large Eddy Simulation

5.4.2.1.

Filtering Approach

5.4.2.2.

Subgrid-Scale Models

5.4.2.2.1.

Smagorinsky Model

5.4.2.2.2.

5.4.2.3.

5.4.3.

Detached Eddy Simulation

5.4.3.1.

Hybrid RANS-LES Approach

5.4.3.2.

Model Formulation

5.4.4.

Direct Numerical Simulation

5.4.4.1.

Full Scale Resolution

5.4.4.2.

Computational Requirements

5.4.4.3.

Research Applications

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6. Advanced Flow Engineering Applications