Financial Markets

  1. Equity Valuation Methods
    1. Dividend Discount Models
      1. Gordon Growth Model
        1. Constant Growth Assumptions
          1. Required Rate of Return
          2. Multi-Stage Growth Models
            1. Two-Stage Models
              1. Three-Stage Models
                1. Variable Growth Assumptions
              2. Price Multiple Approaches
                1. Price-to-Earnings Ratio
                  1. Trailing vs. Forward P/E
                    1. Industry Comparisons
                      1. Growth-Adjusted P/E
                      2. Price-to-Book Ratio
                        1. Book Value Calculations
                          1. Tangible Book Value
                            1. Market-to-Book Analysis
                            2. Price-to-Sales Ratio
                              1. Revenue-Based Valuation
                                1. Industry Applications
                                2. Enterprise Value Multiples
                                  1. EV/EBITDA Ratios
                                    1. EV/Sales Ratios
                                  2. Discounted Cash Flow Analysis
                                    1. Free Cash Flow to Equity
                                      1. Cash Flow Projections
                                        1. Terminal Value Calculations
                                        2. Free Cash Flow to Firm
                                          1. Weighted Average Cost of Capital
                                            1. Enterprise Value Approach
                                            2. Sensitivity Analysis
                                              1. Key Assumption Testing
                                                1. Scenario Analysis

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                                            7. Stock Market Indices

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                                            9. Fixed Income Markets