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Business and Management
Finance and Accounting
Financial Markets and Institutions
Financial Markets
1. Introduction to Financial Markets
2. Classification of Financial Markets
3. Money Markets
4. Capital Markets - Equity Securities
5. Primary Equity Markets
6. Secondary Equity Markets
7. Stock Market Indices
8. Equity Valuation Methods
9. Fixed Income Markets
10. Bond Valuation and Risk Analysis
11. Foreign Exchange Markets
12. Derivatives Markets
13. Market Structure and Trading Mechanics
14. Market Participants and Their Roles
15. Market Analysis Approaches
16. Market Efficiency and Behavioral Finance
17. Risk Management in Financial Markets
18. Regulation and Market Oversight
19. Financial Technology and Market Innovation
20. Sustainable Finance and ESG Investing
8.
Equity Valuation Methods
8.1.
Dividend Discount Models
8.1.1.
Gordon Growth Model
8.1.1.1.
Constant Growth Assumptions
8.1.1.2.
Required Rate of Return
8.1.2.
Multi-Stage Growth Models
8.1.2.1.
Two-Stage Models
8.1.2.2.
Three-Stage Models
8.1.2.3.
Variable Growth Assumptions
8.2.
Price Multiple Approaches
8.2.1.
Price-to-Earnings Ratio
8.2.1.1.
Trailing vs. Forward P/E
8.2.1.2.
Industry Comparisons
8.2.1.3.
Growth-Adjusted P/E
8.2.2.
Price-to-Book Ratio
8.2.2.1.
Book Value Calculations
8.2.2.2.
Tangible Book Value
8.2.2.3.
Market-to-Book Analysis
8.2.3.
Price-to-Sales Ratio
8.2.3.1.
Revenue-Based Valuation
8.2.3.2.
Industry Applications
8.2.4.
Enterprise Value Multiples
8.2.4.1.
EV/EBITDA Ratios
8.2.4.2.
EV/Sales Ratios
8.3.
Discounted Cash Flow Analysis
8.3.1.
Free Cash Flow to Equity
8.3.1.1.
Cash Flow Projections
8.3.1.2.
Terminal Value Calculations
8.3.2.
Free Cash Flow to Firm
8.3.2.1.
Weighted Average Cost of Capital
8.3.2.2.
Enterprise Value Approach
8.3.3.
Sensitivity Analysis
8.3.3.1.
Key Assumption Testing
8.3.3.2.
Scenario Analysis
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7. Stock Market Indices
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9. Fixed Income Markets