Fibers

6.

Fiber Characterization and Testing

6.1.

Microscopic Analysis

6.1.1.

Optical Microscopy

6.1.1.1.

Surface Observation

6.1.1.2.

Cross-Sectional Analysis

6.1.1.3.

Sample Preparation

6.1.2.

Electron Microscopy

6.1.2.1.

Scanning Electron Microscopy

6.1.2.1.1.

High-Resolution Imaging

6.1.2.1.2.

Surface Morphology

6.1.2.2.

Transmission Electron Microscopy

6.1.2.2.1.

Internal Structure Analysis

6.1.2.2.2.

Sample Preparation Requirements

6.2.

Spectroscopic Analysis

6.2.1.

Infrared Spectroscopy

6.2.1.1.

6.2.1.2.

Functional Group Identification

6.2.1.3.

Sample Preparation

6.2.2.

Raman Spectroscopy

6.2.2.1.

Molecular Structure Analysis

6.2.2.2.

Crystallinity Assessment

6.3.

Structural Analysis

6.3.1.

X-ray Diffraction

6.3.1.1.

Crystallinity Determination

6.3.1.2.

Crystal Structure Analysis

6.3.1.3.

Orientation Measurement

6.3.2.

Thermal Analysis

6.3.2.1.

Differential Scanning Calorimetry

6.3.2.1.1.

Thermal Transitions

6.3.2.1.2.

Glass Transition Temperature

6.3.2.1.3.

Melting Temperature

6.3.2.2.

Thermogravimetric Analysis

6.3.2.2.1.

Decomposition Temperatures

6.3.2.2.2.

Thermal Stability Assessment

6.4.

Mechanical Testing

6.4.1.

Tensile Testing

6.4.1.1.

Testing Equipment

6.4.1.2.

Load-Elongation Curves

6.4.1.3.

Standard Test Methods

6.4.1.4.

Data Interpretation

6.4.2.

Single Fiber Testing

6.4.2.1.

Sample Preparation

6.4.2.2.

Testing Procedures

6.4.2.3.

Statistical Analysis

6.5.

Physical Property Testing

6.5.1.

Density Measurement

6.5.2.

Linear Density Testing

6.5.3.

Moisture Content Analysis

6.5.4.

Dimensional Stability Testing

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5. Fiber Production and Processing

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7. Applications of Fibers