Exercise Physiology

  1. Cardiovascular Responses to Exercise
    1. Acute Exercise Responses
      1. Heart Rate Adjustments
        1. Anticipatory Responses
          1. Exercise Intensity Relationships
            1. Recovery Patterns
            2. Stroke Volume Changes
              1. Preload Influences
                1. Afterload Considerations
                  1. Contractility Factors
                  2. Cardiac Output Responses
                    1. Intensity-Dependent Changes
                      1. Maximal Cardiac Output
                      2. Blood Pressure Responses
                        1. Systolic Pressure Changes
                          1. Diastolic Pressure Responses
                            1. Pulse Pressure Alterations
                            2. Vascular Adjustments
                              1. Regional Blood Flow Redistribution
                                1. Vasodilation Mechanisms
                                  1. Vasoconstriction Responses
                                2. Chronic Training Adaptations
                                  1. Cardiac Structural Changes
                                    1. Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
                                      1. Chamber Volume Increases
                                        1. Wall Thickness Adaptations
                                        2. Functional Improvements
                                          1. Resting Bradycardia
                                            1. Stroke Volume Increases
                                              1. Cardiac Output Efficiency
                                              2. Vascular Adaptations
                                                1. Capillary Density Improvements
                                                  1. Arterial Compliance Changes
                                                    1. Blood Volume Expansions