Environmental Economics and Policy

  1. Environmental Valuation
    1. Theoretical Framework
      1. Total Economic Value
        1. Use Values
          1. Direct Use Value
            1. Indirect Use Value
              1. Option Value
              2. Non-Use Values
                1. Existence Value
                  1. Bequest Value
                    1. Altruistic Value
                  2. Welfare Measures
                    1. Willingness to Pay
                      1. Willingness to Accept
                        1. Compensating Variation
                          1. Equivalent Variation
                            1. Hicksian vs. Marshallian Measures
                            2. Challenges in Environmental Valuation
                              1. Uncertainty and Risk
                                1. Irreversibility
                                  1. Substitutability
                                2. Stated Preference Methods
                                  1. Contingent Valuation Method
                                    1. Survey Design Principles
                                      1. Questionnaire Development
                                        1. Sampling Strategies
                                          1. Mode of Administration
                                          2. Elicitation Formats
                                            1. Open-Ended Questions
                                              1. Payment Cards
                                                1. Dichotomous Choice
                                                  1. Double-Bounded Dichotomous Choice
                                                  2. Biases and Validity Issues
                                                    1. Hypothetical Bias
                                                      1. Strategic Bias
                                                        1. Starting Point Bias
                                                          1. Information Bias
                                                            1. Scope Insensitivity
                                                            2. Quality Assurance and Best Practices
                                                            3. Choice Experiments
                                                              1. Theoretical Foundation
                                                                1. Experimental Design
                                                                  1. Attribute Selection
                                                                    1. Level Determination
                                                                      1. Choice Set Construction
                                                                      2. Statistical Analysis
                                                                        1. Random Utility Models
                                                                          1. Multinomial Logit Models
                                                                            1. Mixed Logit Models
                                                                            2. Advantages and Limitations
                                                                          2. Revealed Preference Methods
                                                                            1. Hedonic Pricing Method
                                                                              1. Theoretical Foundation
                                                                                1. Application to Housing Markets
                                                                                  1. Data Requirements
                                                                                    1. Model Specification
                                                                                      1. Identification of Environmental Attributes
                                                                                      2. Application to Labor Markets
                                                                                        1. Compensating Wage Differentials
                                                                                          1. Risk Valuation
                                                                                          2. Limitations and Assumptions
                                                                                          3. Travel Cost Method
                                                                                            1. Single-Site Models
                                                                                              1. Multi-Site Models
                                                                                                1. Random Utility Models
                                                                                                  1. Data Collection Issues
                                                                                                    1. Valuing Recreation Demand
                                                                                                    2. Averting Behavior Methods
                                                                                                      1. Defensive Expenditures
                                                                                                        1. Household Production Functions
                                                                                                          1. Interpretation of Results
                                                                                                          2. Production Function Approaches
                                                                                                            1. Dose-Response Functions
                                                                                                              1. Agricultural Applications
                                                                                                                1. Health Applications
                                                                                                              2. Benefit Transfer
                                                                                                                1. Value Transfer Approaches
                                                                                                                  1. Unit Value Transfer
                                                                                                                    1. Adjusted Unit Value Transfer
                                                                                                                      1. Value Function Transfer
                                                                                                                      2. Meta-Analysis
                                                                                                                        1. Statistical Techniques
                                                                                                                          1. Study Selection Criteria
                                                                                                                            1. Quality Assessment
                                                                                                                            2. Validity and Reliability Issues
                                                                                                                              1. Best Practice Guidelines

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                                                                                                                            2. Market Failures and Environmental Problems

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                                                                                                                            4. Environmental Policy Instruments