Electrochemistry

  1. Practical Applications and Technologies
    1. Batteries and Energy Storage
      1. Battery Fundamentals
        1. Energy Density Concepts
          1. Power Density Concepts
            1. Cycle Life
              1. Self-Discharge
                1. Operating Temperature Ranges
                2. Primary Batteries
                  1. Leclanché Dry Cell
                    1. Zinc-Carbon Chemistry
                      1. Construction Details
                        1. Performance Characteristics
                          1. Applications and Limitations
                          2. Alkaline Batteries
                            1. Zinc-Manganese Dioxide Chemistry
                              1. Improved Performance Features
                                1. Comparison with Dry Cells
                                  1. Environmental Considerations
                                  2. Lithium Primary Batteries
                                    1. Lithium-Manganese Dioxide
                                      1. Lithium-Thionyl Chloride
                                        1. High Energy Density Applications
                                        2. Button and Coin Cells
                                          1. Silver Oxide Batteries
                                            1. Mercury Batteries
                                              1. Lithium Coin Cells
                                                1. Specialized Applications
                                              2. Secondary Batteries
                                                1. Lead-Acid Batteries
                                                  1. Construction and Components
                                                    1. Charging Chemistry
                                                      1. Discharging Chemistry
                                                        1. Maintenance Requirements
                                                          1. Applications in Automotive and Stationary
                                                          2. Nickel-Based Batteries
                                                            1. Nickel-Cadmium Chemistry
                                                              1. Nickel-Metal Hydride Chemistry
                                                                1. Memory Effect
                                                                  1. Environmental Concerns
                                                                    1. Charging Characteristics
                                                                    2. Lithium-Ion Batteries
                                                                      1. Lithium Cobalt Oxide Chemistry
                                                                        1. Lithium Iron Phosphate Chemistry
                                                                          1. Electrolyte Systems
                                                                            1. Safety Considerations
                                                                              1. Thermal Management
                                                                                1. Battery Management Systems
                                                                                2. Emerging Battery Technologies
                                                                                  1. Sodium-Ion Batteries
                                                                                    1. Solid-State Batteries
                                                                                      1. Flow Batteries
                                                                                        1. Metal-Air Batteries
                                                                                    2. Fuel Cells
                                                                                      1. Operating Principles
                                                                                        1. Continuous Reactant Supply
                                                                                          1. Direct Energy Conversion
                                                                                            1. High Theoretical Efficiency
                                                                                              1. Environmental Advantages
                                                                                              2. Hydrogen Fuel Cells
                                                                                                1. Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
                                                                                                  1. Alkaline Fuel Cells
                                                                                                    1. Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells
                                                                                                      1. Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
                                                                                                        1. Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells
                                                                                                        2. Alternative Fuel Cells
                                                                                                          1. Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
                                                                                                            1. Ethanol Fuel Cells
                                                                                                              1. Formic Acid Fuel Cells
                                                                                                              2. Fuel Cell Systems
                                                                                                                1. Balance of Plant Components
                                                                                                                  1. Hydrogen Storage and Delivery
                                                                                                                    1. Thermal Management
                                                                                                                      1. Water Management
                                                                                                                      2. Applications and Challenges
                                                                                                                        1. Transportation Applications
                                                                                                                          1. Stationary Power Generation
                                                                                                                            1. Portable Power Systems
                                                                                                                              1. Economic Considerations
                                                                                                                            2. Corrosion Science and Prevention
                                                                                                                              1. Electrochemical Corrosion Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                1. Anodic Reactions
                                                                                                                                  1. Cathodic Reactions
                                                                                                                                    1. Corrosion Cells
                                                                                                                                      1. Galvanic Corrosion
                                                                                                                                        1. Uniform Corrosion
                                                                                                                                          1. Localized Corrosion
                                                                                                                                            1. Pitting Corrosion
                                                                                                                                              1. Crevice Corrosion
                                                                                                                                                1. Intergranular Corrosion
                                                                                                                                              2. Factors Affecting Corrosion
                                                                                                                                                1. Environmental Factors
                                                                                                                                                  1. Moisture and Humidity
                                                                                                                                                    1. Oxygen Concentration
                                                                                                                                                      1. Temperature Effects
                                                                                                                                                        1. pH Effects
                                                                                                                                                        2. Material Factors
                                                                                                                                                          1. Metal Composition
                                                                                                                                                            1. Microstructure
                                                                                                                                                              1. Surface Condition
                                                                                                                                                                1. Stress Effects
                                                                                                                                                              2. Corrosion Prevention Methods
                                                                                                                                                                1. Barrier Protection
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Organic Coatings
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Metallic Coatings
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Conversion Coatings
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Inhibitor Systems
                                                                                                                                                                        2. Cathodic Protection
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Sacrificial Anode Systems
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Zinc Anodes
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Aluminum Anodes
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Magnesium Anodes
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Design Considerations
                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Impressed Current Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Rectifier Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Anode Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Current Distribution
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Monitoring and Control
                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Anodic Protection
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Material Selection
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Corrosion-Resistant Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Stainless Steels
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Nickel Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Titanium Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Corrosion Testing and Monitoring
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Electrochemical Testing Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Accelerated Corrosion Testing
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Field Monitoring Techniques
                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Industrial Electrochemical Processes
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Electroplating and Electrodeposition
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Principles of Electroplating
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Plating Bath Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Current Density Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Throwing Power
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Common Plating Processes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Copper Plating
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Nickel Plating
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Chromium Plating
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Zinc Plating
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Gold Plating
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Silver Plating
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Electroforming
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Quality Control in Electroplating
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Electrometallurgy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Primary Metal Production
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Aluminum Production (Hall-Héroult Process)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Process Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Cell Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Energy Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Environmental Considerations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Magnesium Production
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Sodium Production
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Metal Refining
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Copper Electrorefining
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Process Steps
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Anode and Cathode Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Electrolyte Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Precious Metal Recovery
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Zinc Electrowinning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Nickel Electrorefining
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      3. Chemical Production by Electrolysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Chlor-Alkali Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Membrane Cell Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Diaphragm Cell Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Mercury Cell Technology (Historical)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Product Purification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Energy Efficiency
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Fluorine Production
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Hydrogen Production
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Electroorganic Synthesis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Water Treatment Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Electrocoagulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Electroflocculation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Electrooxidation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Electrochlorination

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          3. Electrolytic Cells and Electrolysis

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          5. Analytical Electrochemistry