Economics of Information and the Internet

  1. Two-Sided Markets and Platforms
    1. Defining Two-Sided Markets
      1. Market Structure Characteristics
        1. Multiple User Groups
          1. Interdependent Demand
          2. Platform Intermediary Role
            1. Matching Function
              1. Transaction Facilitation
                1. Value Creation
                2. Cross-Side Network Effects
                  1. Positive Cross-Side Effects
                    1. Negative Cross-Side Effects
                      1. User Group Interactions
                    2. Pricing in Two-Sided Markets
                      1. Pricing Structure Problem
                        1. Price Level vs. Price Structure
                          1. Balancing Market Sides
                          2. Subsidizing Market Sides
                            1. Free vs. Paid Strategies
                              1. Cross-Subsidization
                                1. Loss Leader Strategies
                                2. User Segmentation
                                  1. Marquee Users
                                    1. Money Users
                                      1. User Value Differentiation
                                      2. Dynamic Pricing Strategies
                                        1. Launch Strategies
                                          1. Growth Phase Pricing
                                            1. Maturity Phase Pricing
                                          2. Platform Competition
                                            1. Competitive Dynamics
                                              1. Platform vs. Platform Competition
                                                1. Ecosystem Competition
                                                2. Winner-Take-All Tendencies
                                                  1. Market Concentration
                                                    1. Barriers to Entry
                                                      1. Switching Costs
                                                      2. Multi-homing Behavior
                                                        1. Causes of Multi-homing
                                                          1. Consequences for Platforms
                                                            1. Platform Strategies
                                                            2. Platform Envelopment
                                                              1. Scope Expansion Strategies
                                                                1. Bundling and Integration
                                                                  1. Adjacent Market Entry
                                                                2. Types of Digital Platforms
                                                                  1. Exchange Platforms
                                                                    1. Peer-to-Peer Marketplaces
                                                                      1. Business-to-Consumer Platforms
                                                                        1. Business-to-Business Platforms
                                                                          1. Examples and Case Studies
                                                                            1. eBay
                                                                              1. Amazon Marketplace
                                                                                1. Airbnb
                                                                                  1. Uber
                                                                                2. Advertising-Supported Platforms
                                                                                  1. Social Networks
                                                                                    1. Search Engines
                                                                                      1. Content Platforms
                                                                                        1. Examples and Case Studies
                                                                                          1. Google
                                                                                            1. Facebook
                                                                                              1. YouTube
                                                                                                1. Twitter
                                                                                              2. Transaction Systems
                                                                                                1. Payment Processing
                                                                                                  1. Financial Services
                                                                                                    1. Examples and Case Studies
                                                                                                      1. PayPal
                                                                                                        1. Visa
                                                                                                          1. Square
                                                                                                        2. Software Platforms
                                                                                                          1. Operating Systems
                                                                                                            1. Development Platforms
                                                                                                              1. App Stores
                                                                                                                1. Examples and Case Studies
                                                                                                                  1. iOS
                                                                                                                    1. Android
                                                                                                                      1. Windows
                                                                                                                        1. AWS

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                                                                                                                  5. Pricing Strategies in the Digital Economy