Economic Geography

  1. Factors of Economic Location
    1. Natural Resources and Physical Environment
      1. Resource Endowments
        1. Renewable Resources
          1. Water Resources
            1. Forest Resources
              1. Agricultural Land
                1. Solar and Wind Energy
                2. Nonrenewable Resources
                  1. Mineral Deposits
                    1. Fossil Fuel Reserves
                      1. Rare Earth Elements
                    2. Climate and Weather Patterns
                      1. Temperature Regimes
                        1. Precipitation Patterns
                          1. Seasonal Variations
                            1. Climate Change Impacts
                            2. Topography and Landforms
                              1. Elevation Effects
                                1. Slope Characteristics
                                  1. Coastal Access
                                    1. Natural Barriers
                                    2. Environmental Quality
                                      1. Air Quality
                                        1. Water Quality
                                          1. Soil Quality
                                            1. Biodiversity
                                            2. Natural Hazards and Risk
                                              1. Earthquake Risk
                                                1. Flood Risk
                                                  1. Hurricane and Storm Risk
                                                    1. Drought Risk
                                                  2. Labor Factors
                                                    1. Labor Supply Characteristics
                                                      1. Population Size and Growth
                                                        1. Age Structure
                                                          1. Labor Force Participation
                                                            1. Unemployment Rates
                                                            2. Human Capital and Skills
                                                              1. Educational Attainment
                                                                1. Vocational Training
                                                                  1. Professional Qualifications
                                                                    1. Language Skills
                                                                    2. Labor Costs and Productivity
                                                                      1. Wage Levels
                                                                        1. Benefits and Social Costs
                                                                          1. Labor Productivity Measures
                                                                            1. Unit Labor Costs
                                                                            2. Labor Market Flexibility
                                                                              1. Employment Protection
                                                                                1. Working Time Arrangements
                                                                                  1. Collective Bargaining
                                                                                  2. Labor Mobility
                                                                                    1. Internal Migration Patterns
                                                                                      1. International Migration
                                                                                        1. Commuting Patterns
                                                                                          1. Brain Drain and Brain Gain
                                                                                        2. Capital and Investment
                                                                                          1. Physical Capital Infrastructure
                                                                                            1. Transportation Infrastructure
                                                                                              1. Road Networks
                                                                                                1. Rail Systems
                                                                                                  1. Ports and Airports
                                                                                                    1. Pipeline Networks
                                                                                                    2. Utilities Infrastructure
                                                                                                      1. Electricity Supply
                                                                                                        1. Water and Sewerage
                                                                                                          1. Telecommunications
                                                                                                            1. Internet Connectivity
                                                                                                            2. Industrial Infrastructure
                                                                                                              1. Industrial Parks
                                                                                                                1. Special Economic Zones
                                                                                                                  1. Incubators and Science Parks
                                                                                                                2. Financial Capital
                                                                                                                  1. Banking Systems
                                                                                                                    1. Capital Markets
                                                                                                                      1. Venture Capital
                                                                                                                        1. Private Equity
                                                                                                                          1. Foreign Direct Investment
                                                                                                                          2. Investment Climate Factors
                                                                                                                            1. Political Stability
                                                                                                                              1. Corruption Levels
                                                                                                                                1. Bureaucratic Efficiency
                                                                                                                              2. Technology and Innovation
                                                                                                                                1. Research and Development Infrastructure
                                                                                                                                  1. Universities and Research Institutes
                                                                                                                                    1. Corporate R&D Facilities
                                                                                                                                      1. Government Research Labs
                                                                                                                                      2. Innovation Systems
                                                                                                                                        1. National Innovation Systems
                                                                                                                                          1. Regional Innovation Systems
                                                                                                                                            1. Sectoral Innovation Systems
                                                                                                                                            2. Knowledge Transfer Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                              1. University-Industry Linkages
                                                                                                                                                1. Technology Transfer Offices
                                                                                                                                                  1. Spin-off Companies
                                                                                                                                                  2. Technological Spillovers
                                                                                                                                                    1. Intra-Industry Spillovers
                                                                                                                                                      1. Inter-Industry Spillovers
                                                                                                                                                        1. Geographic Spillovers
                                                                                                                                                        2. Digital Infrastructure
                                                                                                                                                          1. Broadband Networks
                                                                                                                                                            1. Data Centers
                                                                                                                                                              1. Cloud Computing Services
                                                                                                                                                            2. Transportation and Logistics
                                                                                                                                                              1. Transportation Networks
                                                                                                                                                                1. Network Density
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Network Connectivity
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Intermodal Integration
                                                                                                                                                                    2. Transportation Costs
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Distance-Based Costs
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Time-Based Costs
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Reliability Costs
                                                                                                                                                                          2. Logistics Infrastructure
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Warehousing Facilities
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Distribution Centers
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Freight Terminals
                                                                                                                                                                                2. Supply Chain Management
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Inventory Management
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Just-in-Time Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Vendor Management
                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Government and Institutional Factors
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Policy Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Industrial Policy
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Trade Policy
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Investment Policy
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Innovation Policy
                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Regulatory Framework
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Business Registration
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Environmental Regulations
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Labor Regulations
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Safety Standards
                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Fiscal Incentives
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Tax Incentives
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Subsidies and Grants
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Special Economic Zones
                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Public Services
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Education Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Healthcare Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Public Safety

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                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Theoretical Foundations and Models

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                                                                                                                                                                                                              4. Spatial Organization of Economic Sectors