Coordination Chemistry

Coordination chemistry is the study of compounds known as coordination complexes, which consist of a central metal atom or ion bonded to a surrounding array of molecules or ions called ligands. The bond between the metal center, which acts as a Lewis acid, and the ligands, which act as Lewis bases, is a coordinate covalent bond. This field investigates the synthesis, structure, reactivity, and unique electronic and magnetic properties of these complexes, providing fundamental insights into areas ranging from biological processes, such as the function of hemoglobin and chlorophyll, to industrial catalysis and the development of novel medicines and pigments.

1. Introduction to Coordination Chemistry
   1. Historical Development
      1. Early Discoveries
         1. Discovery of Prussian Blue
         2. Early Metal Ammines
      2. Key Figures
         1. Alfred Werner
         2. Sophus Mads Jørgensen
         3. Christian Wilhelm Blomstrand
      3. Werner's Coordination Theory
         1. Primary Valencies
         2. Secondary Valencies
         3. Experimental Evidence
         4. Impact on Modern Chemistry
   2. Fundamental Concepts
      1. Definition of Coordination Compounds
      2. Central Metal Atom or Ion
      3. Ligands
      4. Coordination Sphere
         1. Inner Coordination Sphere
         2. Outer Coordination Sphere
      5. Counter Ions
      6. Coordination Number
      7. Oxidation State of Central Metal
      8. Denticity
      9. Chelation
      10. Chelate Effect