Computer Architecture

  1. Instruction Set Architecture
    1. ISA Fundamentals
      1. Definition and Purpose
        1. Hardware-Software Interface Role
          1. ISA Classification
            1. Stack-Based Architectures
              1. Accumulator-Based Architectures
                1. Register-Memory Architectures
                  1. Load-Store Architectures
                2. Instruction Components
                  1. Opcode Structure
                    1. Operand Types
                      1. Source Operands
                        1. Destination Operands
                        2. Instruction Format
                          1. Fixed-Length Instructions
                            1. Variable-Length Instructions
                            2. Address Field Organization
                            3. Instruction Categories
                              1. Data Transfer Instructions
                                1. Load Operations
                                  1. Store Operations
                                    1. Move Operations
                                    2. Arithmetic Instructions
                                      1. Addition Operations
                                        1. Subtraction Operations
                                          1. Multiplication Operations
                                            1. Division Operations
                                            2. Logical Instructions
                                              1. AND Operations
                                                1. OR Operations
                                                  1. XOR Operations
                                                    1. NOT Operations
                                                      1. Shift Operations
                                                        1. Rotate Operations
                                                        2. Control Flow Instructions
                                                          1. Unconditional Jumps
                                                            1. Conditional Branches
                                                              1. Procedure Calls
                                                                1. Return Instructions
                                                                  1. Loop Control
                                                                  2. Input/Output Instructions
                                                                    1. Port-Based I/O
                                                                      1. Memory-Mapped I/O
                                                                    2. Addressing Modes
                                                                      1. Immediate Addressing
                                                                        1. Register Direct Addressing
                                                                          1. Register Indirect Addressing
                                                                            1. Direct Addressing
                                                                              1. Indirect Addressing
                                                                                1. Displacement Addressing
                                                                                  1. PC-Relative Addressing
                                                                                    1. Indexed Addressing
                                                                                      1. Auto-Increment Addressing
                                                                                        1. Auto-Decrement Addressing
                                                                                        2. ISA Design Philosophies
                                                                                          1. RISC Architecture
                                                                                            1. Design Principles
                                                                                              1. Fixed-Length Instructions
                                                                                                1. Load-Store Operations
                                                                                                  1. Pipeline Optimization
                                                                                                  2. CISC Architecture
                                                                                                    1. Design Principles
                                                                                                      1. Variable-Length Instructions
                                                                                                        1. Complex Operations
                                                                                                          1. Microcode Implementation
                                                                                                          2. VLIW Architecture
                                                                                                            1. Instruction-Level Parallelism
                                                                                                              1. Compiler Responsibilities
                                                                                                                1. Applications and Limitations
                                                                                                              2. MIPS Architecture Example
                                                                                                                1. Register Organization
                                                                                                                  1. Instruction Formats
                                                                                                                    1. R-Type Instructions
                                                                                                                      1. I-Type Instructions
                                                                                                                        1. J-Type Instructions
                                                                                                                        2. Instruction Set
                                                                                                                          1. Arithmetic Instructions
                                                                                                                            1. Logical Instructions
                                                                                                                              1. Data Transfer Instructions
                                                                                                                                1. Control Instructions
                                                                                                                                2. Calling Conventions
                                                                                                                                3. x86 Architecture Example
                                                                                                                                  1. Historical Evolution
                                                                                                                                    1. Register Set
                                                                                                                                      1. General Purpose Registers
                                                                                                                                        1. Segment Registers
                                                                                                                                          1. Flag Registers
                                                                                                                                          2. Instruction Encoding
                                                                                                                                            1. Instruction Categories
                                                                                                                                              1. Data Movement
                                                                                                                                                1. Arithmetic and Logic
                                                                                                                                                  1. Control Transfer
                                                                                                                                                    1. String Operations

                                                                                                                                                Previous

                                                                                                                                                2. Data Representation and Computer Arithmetic

                                                                                                                                                Go to top

                                                                                                                                                Next

                                                                                                                                                4. Processor Design and Implementation