Biophysics

Biophysics is an interdisciplinary science that applies the theories and methods of physics to understand how biological systems work. It seeks to explain life at every level, from the interactions of atoms and molecules like proteins and DNA to the complex dynamics of cells, organisms, and ecosystems. By examining the physical forces, energy transformations, mechanics, and electrical properties that underlie biological processes, biophysicists can unravel the fundamental mechanisms behind everything from muscle contraction and nerve signaling to the folding of proteins and the stability of the genetic code.

1. Introduction to Biophysics
   1. Defining the Field
      1. Scope of Biophysics
      2. Distinction from Related Disciplines
         1. Biophysics vs. Biochemistry
         2. Biophysics vs. Molecular Biology
         3. Biophysics vs. Bioengineering
   2. Historical Perspectives
      1. Early Discoveries in Biophysics
      2. Key Figures in Biophysics
      3. Milestones in Biophysical Research
   3. The Interdisciplinary Nature of Biophysics
      1. Integration of Physics and Biology
      2. Role of Chemistry and Mathematics
      3. Collaboration with Engineering and Computer Science
   4. Key Questions in Biophysics
      1. Mechanisms of Biological Function
      2. Physical Basis of Life Processes
      3. Quantitative Approaches to Biology
   5. Scales of Biological Systems
      1. Molecular Scale
         1. Atoms and Small Molecules
         2. Macromolecules
      2. Cellular Scale
         1. Organelles
         2. Single Cells
      3. Organismal Scale
         1. Tissues and Organs
         2. Whole Organisms
      4. Ecosystem Scale
         1. Populations
         2. Interactions in Biological Communities