Animal Husbandry

  1. Animal Welfare and Ethics
    1. Concepts of Animal Welfare
      1. Definitions and Frameworks
        1. Animal Welfare Definition
          1. Welfare vs. Rights
            1. Scientific Approaches
            2. Assessment of Welfare
              1. Physiological Indicators
                1. Behavioral Indicators
                  1. Production Indicators
                    1. Health Indicators
                  2. The Five Freedoms of Animal Welfare
                    1. Freedom from Hunger and Thirst
                      1. Adequate Nutrition
                        1. Water Access
                          1. Feed Quality
                          2. Freedom from Discomfort
                            1. Appropriate Environment
                              1. Shelter Provision
                                1. Thermal Comfort
                                2. Freedom from Pain, Injury, or Disease
                                  1. Health Management
                                    1. Veterinary Care
                                      1. Pain Prevention
                                      2. Freedom to Express Normal Behavior
                                        1. Behavioral Needs
                                          1. Environmental Enrichment
                                            1. Social Interactions
                                            2. Freedom from Fear and Distress
                                              1. Stress Reduction
                                                1. Handling Practices
                                                  1. Environmental Factors
                                                2. Behavioral Needs of Livestock
                                                  1. Natural Behaviors
                                                    1. Feeding Behaviors
                                                      1. Social Behaviors
                                                        1. Reproductive Behaviors
                                                          1. Comfort Behaviors
                                                          2. Environmental Enrichment
                                                            1. Physical Enrichment
                                                              1. Social Enrichment
                                                                1. Cognitive Enrichment
                                                                2. Stereotypic Behaviors
                                                                  1. Causes of Stereotypies
                                                                    1. Common Stereotypic Behaviors
                                                                      1. Prevention Strategies
                                                                    2. Stress and its Effects on Animals
                                                                      1. Causes of Stress
                                                                        1. Environmental Stressors
                                                                          1. Management Stressors
                                                                            1. Social Stressors
                                                                            2. Physiological Responses
                                                                              1. Acute Stress Response
                                                                                1. Chronic Stress Effects
                                                                                  1. Hormonal Changes
                                                                                  2. Behavioral Responses
                                                                                    1. Avoidance Behaviors
                                                                                      1. Aggressive Behaviors
                                                                                        1. Abnormal Behaviors
                                                                                        2. Impact on Productivity and Health
                                                                                          1. Growth Performance
                                                                                            1. Reproductive Performance
                                                                                              1. Immune Function
                                                                                                1. Disease Susceptibility
                                                                                              2. Humane Handling and Transport
                                                                                                1. Handling Principles
                                                                                                  1. Low-stress Handling
                                                                                                    1. Flight Zone Concepts
                                                                                                      1. Point of Balance
                                                                                                      2. Handling Techniques
                                                                                                        1. Cattle Handling
                                                                                                          1. Sheep and Goat Handling
                                                                                                            1. Swine Handling
                                                                                                              1. Poultry Handling
                                                                                                              2. Transport Considerations
                                                                                                                1. Loading Procedures
                                                                                                                  1. Vehicle Design
                                                                                                                    1. Journey Management
                                                                                                                      1. Unloading Procedures
                                                                                                                      2. Transport Regulations
                                                                                                                        1. Industry Standards
                                                                                                                          1. Certification Programs
                                                                                                                        2. Humane Slaughter Practices
                                                                                                                          1. Pre-slaughter Handling
                                                                                                                            1. Lairage Management
                                                                                                                              1. Stunning Preparation
                                                                                                                              2. Stunning Methods
                                                                                                                                1. Captive Bolt Stunning
                                                                                                                                  1. Electrical Stunning
                                                                                                                                    1. Gas Stunning
                                                                                                                                      1. Religious Slaughter
                                                                                                                                      2. Slaughter Regulations
                                                                                                                                        1. Humane Slaughter Act
                                                                                                                                          1. Inspection Requirements
                                                                                                                                            1. Enforcement Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                          2. Ethical Considerations in Animal Agriculture
                                                                                                                                            1. Animal Rights vs. Animal Welfare
                                                                                                                                              1. Philosophical Differences
                                                                                                                                                1. Practical Implications
                                                                                                                                                2. Public Attitudes and Perceptions
                                                                                                                                                  1. Consumer Concerns
                                                                                                                                                    1. Media Influence
                                                                                                                                                      1. Cultural Differences
                                                                                                                                                      2. Ethical Decision-Making
                                                                                                                                                        1. Ethical Frameworks
                                                                                                                                                          1. Stakeholder Considerations
                                                                                                                                                            1. Balancing Interests

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                                                                                                                                                        8. Animal Products and Processing

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                                                                                                                                                        10. Sustainability and Modern Trends in Animal Husbandry