Animal Husbandry

3.

Animal Nutrition

3.1.

Fundamentals of Nutrition

3.1.1.

Essential Nutrients

3.1.1.1.

3.1.1.1.1.

Functions in the Body

3.1.1.1.2.

Water Requirements by Species

3.1.1.1.3.

Water Quality Standards

3.1.1.2.

3.1.1.2.1.

Simple Carbohydrates

3.1.1.2.2.

Complex Carbohydrates

3.1.1.2.3.

Fiber Components

3.1.1.2.4.

Role in Energy Supply

3.1.1.3.

Proteins and Amino Acids

3.1.1.3.1.

Essential Amino Acids

3.1.1.3.2.

Non-Essential Amino Acids

3.1.1.3.3.

Protein Quality Assessment

3.1.1.3.4.

Protein Sources

3.1.1.4.

3.1.1.4.1.

3.1.1.4.2.

Unsaturated Fats

3.1.1.4.3.

Essential Fatty Acids

3.1.1.4.4.

3.1.1.5.

3.1.1.5.1.

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

3.1.1.5.1.1.

3.1.1.5.1.2.

3.1.1.5.1.3.

3.1.1.5.1.4.

3.1.1.5.2.

Water-Soluble Vitamins

3.1.1.5.2.1.

B-Complex Vitamins

3.1.1.5.2.2.

3.1.1.6.

3.1.1.6.1.

3.1.1.6.1.1.

3.1.1.6.1.2.

3.1.1.6.1.3.

3.1.1.6.1.4.

3.1.1.6.1.5.

3.1.1.6.1.6.

3.1.1.6.1.7.

3.1.1.6.2.

3.1.1.6.2.1.

3.1.1.6.2.2.

3.1.1.6.2.3.

3.1.1.6.2.4.

3.1.1.6.2.5.

3.1.1.6.2.6.

3.1.1.6.2.7.

3.1.2.

Digestive Physiology

3.1.2.1.

Ruminant Digestion

3.1.2.1.1.

Anatomy of Ruminant Stomach

3.1.2.1.1.1.

3.1.2.1.1.2.

3.1.2.1.1.3.

3.1.2.1.1.4.

3.1.2.1.2.

Microbial Fermentation

3.1.2.1.3.

Volatile Fatty Acid Production

3.1.2.1.4.

Rumination Process

3.1.2.2.

Monogastric Digestion

3.1.2.2.1.

Digestive Tract Structure

3.1.2.2.2.

Enzymatic Digestion

3.1.2.2.3.

Nutrient Absorption

3.1.2.3.

Avian Digestion

3.1.2.3.1.

3.1.2.3.2.

Gizzard Function

3.1.2.3.3.

Cecal Fermentation

3.1.2.3.4.

Nutrient Absorption

3.2.

Feedstuffs and Feed Formulation

3.2.1.

Classification of Feedstuffs

3.2.1.1.

Forages and Roughages

3.2.1.1.1.

Pasture Grasses

3.2.1.1.2.

3.2.1.1.3.

3.2.1.1.4.

3.2.1.1.5.

Straw and Stovers

3.2.1.1.6.

Nutritional Value Assessment

3.2.1.2.

3.2.1.2.1.

3.2.1.2.1.1.

3.2.1.2.1.2.

3.2.1.2.1.3.

3.2.1.2.2.

Protein Sources

3.2.1.2.2.1.

3.2.1.2.2.2.

Animal Proteins

3.2.1.2.2.3.

3.2.1.3.

Supplements and Additives

3.2.1.3.1.

Mineral Supplements

3.2.1.3.2.

Vitamin Supplements

3.2.1.3.3.

3.2.1.3.3.1.

3.2.1.3.3.2.

3.2.1.3.3.3.

3.2.1.3.3.4.

3.2.1.3.3.5.

3.2.2.

Feed Analysis and Quality Assessment

3.2.2.1.

Proximate Analysis

3.2.2.1.1.

3.2.2.1.2.

3.2.2.1.3.

3.2.2.1.4.

3.2.2.1.5.

3.2.2.1.6.

Nitrogen-Free Extract

3.2.2.2.

Advanced Analysis Methods

3.2.2.2.1.

Neutral Detergent Fiber

3.2.2.2.2.

Acid Detergent Fiber

3.2.2.2.3.

Total Digestible Nutrients

3.2.2.3.

Physical and Sensory Assessment

3.2.2.3.1.

Visual Inspection

3.2.2.3.2.

Odor Assessment

3.2.2.3.3.

Texture Evaluation

3.2.3.

Ration Formulation Principles

3.2.3.1.

Balancing Nutrient Requirements

3.2.3.2.

Least-Cost Formulation

3.2.3.3.

Linear Programming

3.2.3.4.

Use of Feed Formulation Software

3.2.3.5.

Ration Evaluation Methods

3.2.4.

Feed Processing Methods

3.2.4.1.

Grinding and Milling

3.2.4.2.

Pelleting and Cubing

3.2.4.3.

Steam Processing

3.2.4.4.

Ensiling and Fermentation

3.2.4.5.

Mixing and Blending

3.3.

Feeding Management

3.3.1.

Nutrient Requirements by Life Stage

3.3.1.1.

3.3.1.1.1.

Energy Requirements

3.3.1.1.2.

Protein Requirements

3.3.1.1.3.

Mineral Requirements

3.3.1.2.

3.3.1.2.1.

Basal Metabolic Needs

3.3.1.2.2.

Activity Requirements

3.3.1.3.

3.3.1.3.1.

Fetal Development Needs

3.3.1.3.2.

Maternal Requirements

3.3.1.4.

3.3.1.4.1.

Milk Production Demands

3.3.1.4.2.

Body Condition Maintenance

3.3.1.5.

3.3.1.5.1.

Weight Gain Optimization

3.3.1.5.2.

Carcass Quality Enhancement

3.3.2.

Feeding Systems and Strategies

3.3.2.1.

Ad Libitum Feeding

3.3.2.2.

Restricted Feeding

3.3.2.3.

3.3.2.4.

3.3.2.5.

Individual Feeding

3.3.2.6.

Total Mixed Rations

3.3.2.7.

Pasture-Based Feeding

3.3.2.7.1.

Continuous Grazing

3.3.2.7.2.

Rotational Grazing

3.3.2.7.3.

3.3.3.

Water Management and Quality

3.3.3.1.

3.3.3.1.1.

3.3.3.1.2.

3.3.3.1.3.

Municipal Water

3.3.3.2.

Water Quality Parameters

3.3.3.2.1.

Physical Properties

3.3.3.2.2.

Chemical Composition

3.3.3.2.3.

Microbiological Quality

3.3.3.3.

Watering Systems

3.3.3.3.1.

Automatic Waterers

3.3.3.3.2.

Tanks and Troughs

3.3.3.3.3.

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