Modular arithmetic | Quadratic residue

Legendre symbol

In number theory, the Legendre symbol is a multiplicative function with values 1, −1, 0 that is a quadratic character modulo an odd prime number p: its value at a (nonzero) quadratic residue mod p is 1 and at a non-quadratic residue (non-residue) is −1. Its value at zero is 0. The Legendre symbol was introduced by Adrien-Marie Legendre in 1798 in the course of his attempts at proving the law of quadratic reciprocity. Generalizations of the symbol include the Jacobi symbol and Dirichlet characters of higher order. The notational convenience of the Legendre symbol inspired introduction of several other "symbols" used in algebraic number theory, such as the Hilbert symbol and the Artin symbol. (Wikipedia).

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Legendre Symbol Definition and Example

Intro to quadratic residues: https://youtu.be/M6gDsFhQugM The Legendre symbol is a useful notation for describing whether a number is a quadratic residue mod p. Here we explain what the Legendre symbol is and do a practice example with quadratic residues mod 5. Quadratic Residues playli

From playlist Quadratic Residues

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Theory of numbers: Jacobi symbol

This lecture is part of an online undergraduate course on the theory of numbers. We define the Jacobi symbol as an extension of the Legendre symbol, and show how to use it to calculate the Legendre symbol fast. We also briefly mention the Kronecker symbol. For the other lectures in t

From playlist Theory of numbers

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Number Theory | Some properties of the Legendre symbol.

We present some properties of the Legendre symbol. http://www.michael-penn.net http://www.randolphcollege.edu/mathematics/

From playlist Number Theory

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Legendre Polynomials

An introduction to Legendre Polynomials and the Legendre-Fourier Series.

From playlist Mathematical Physics II Uploads

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Legendre Polynomial Series

In this video I derive three series representations for Legendre Polynomials. For more videos on this topic, visit: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2uXHjNuf12bnpcGIOY2ZOsF-kl2Fh55F

From playlist Fourier

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Proof of Multiplication Rule for Legendre Symbol

Proof that quadratic residues always have even index: https://youtu.be/zs0ZtQzVBSE Intro to indices: https://youtu.be/jLeNX2jYuUs One of the most important properties of the Legendre symbol is that we can split up the Legendre symbol of a product. Using the power of indices, we can easi

From playlist Quadratic Residues

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Intro to Legendre Polynomials

In this video I briefly introduce Legendre Polynomials via the Rodrigues formula. For more videos on this topic, visit: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2uXHjNuf12bnpcGIOY2ZOsF-kl2Fh55F

From playlist Fourier

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Number Theory | The Legendre Symbol and Euler's Criterion

We present a definition of the Legendre symbol and Euler's criterion to calculate it quickly. http://www.michael-penn.net http://www.randolphcollege.edu/mathematics/

From playlist Mathematics named after Leonhard Euler

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Legendre Series Example

An example of expanding a function in a Legendre-Fourier Series.

From playlist Mathematical Physics II Uploads

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Why did they prove this amazing theorem in 200 different ways? Quadratic Reciprocity MASTERCLASS

The longest Mathologer video ever, just shy of an hour (eventually it's going to happen :) One video I've been meaning to make for a long, long time. A Mathologerization of the Law of Quadratic Reciprocity. This is another one of my MASTERCLASS videos. The slide show consists of 550 slides

From playlist Recent videos

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Primality Testing

Cryptography and Network Security by Prof. D. Mukhopadhyay, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in

From playlist Computer - Cryptography and Network Security

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Square roots mod p -- Number Theory 25

Suggest a problem: https://forms.gle/ea7Pw7HcKePGB4my5 Please Subscribe: https://www.youtube.com/michaelpennmath?sub_confirmation=1 Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/michaelpennmath Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/michael-penn-math Personal Website: http://www.michael-penn.net Randolp

From playlist Number Theory v2

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Square Roots Modulo P — Number Theory 25

⭐Support the channel⭐ Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/michaelpennmath Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/michael-penn-math My amazon shop: https://www.amazon.com/shop/michaelpenn ⭐my other channels⭐ Main Channel: https://www.youtube.com/michaelpennmath non-math podcast: http

From playlist Number Theory

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Introduction to number theory lecture 35 Jacobi symbol

This lecture is part of my Berkeley math 115 course "Introduction to number theory" For the other lectures in the course see https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8yHsr3EFj53L8sMbzIhhXSAOpuZ1Fov8 We define the Jacobi symbol and prove its basic properties, and show how to calculate it fa

From playlist Introduction to number theory (Berkeley Math 115)

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Quadratic Reciprocity Examples — Number Theory 24

⭐Support the channel⭐ Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/michaelpennmath Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/michael-penn-math My amazon shop: https://www.amazon.com/shop/michaelpenn ⭐my other channels⭐ Main Channel: https://www.youtube.com/michaelpennmath non-math podcast: http

From playlist Number Theory

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Introduction to number theory lecture 32. Calculation of the Legendre symbol

This lecture is part of my Berkeley math 115 course "Introduction to number theory" For the other lectures in the course see https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8yHsr3EFj53L8sMbzIhhXSAOpuZ1Fov8 We use Gauss's lemma to find out when -2, 3, 5, are quadratic residues of a prime and give

From playlist Introduction to number theory (Berkeley Math 115)

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Quadratic Reciprocity Examples -- Number Theory 24

Suggest a problem: https://forms.gle/ea7Pw7HcKePGB4my5 Please Subscribe: https://www.youtube.com/michaelpennmath?sub_confirmation=1 Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/michaelpennmath Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/michael-penn-math Personal Website: http://www.michael-penn.net Randolp

From playlist Number Theory v2

Related pages

Integer factorization | Power residue symbol | Multiplicative function | Elliptic function | Proofs of quadratic reciprocity | Dirichlet character | Quadratic residue | Lucas sequence | Carl Friedrich Gauss | Hilbert symbol | Jacobi symbol | Completely multiplicative function | Euler's criterion | Quadratic Gauss sum | Periodic sequence | Modular exponentiation | Quadratic reciprocity | Quartic reciprocity | Adrien-Marie Legendre | Gotthold Eisenstein | Cubic reciprocity | Algebraic number theory | Number theory | Leopold Kronecker | Wall–Sun–Sun prime | Kronecker symbol | Prime number | Square number | Modular arithmetic