Theorems about quadrilaterals and circles | Euclidean plane geometry
Japanese theorem for cyclic quadrilaterals
In geometry, the Japanese theorem states that the centers of the incircles of certain triangles inside a cyclic quadrilateral are vertices of a rectangle. Triangulating an arbitrary cyclic quadrilateral by its diagonals yields four overlapping triangles (each diagonal creates two triangles). The centers of the incircles of those triangles form a rectangle. Specifically, let □ABCD be an arbitrary cyclic quadrilateral and let M1, M2, M3, M4 be the incenters of the triangles △ABD, △ABC, △BCD, △ACD. Then the quadrilateral formed by M1, M2, M3, M4 is a rectangle. Note that this theorem is easily extended to prove the Japanese theorem for cyclic polygons. To prove the quadrilateral case, simply construct the parallelogram tangent to the corners of the constructed rectangle, with sides parallel to the diagonals of the quadrilateral. The construction shows that the parallelogram is a rhombus, which is equivalent to showing that the sums of the radii of the incircles tangent to each diagonal are equal. The quadrilateral case immediately proves the general case by induction on the set of triangulating partitions of a general polygon. (Wikipedia).
