Web Tracking and Fingerprinting Techniques

  1. Countermeasures and Mitigation Strategies
    1. User-Level Defenses
      1. Browser Configuration
        1. JavaScript Controls
          1. Script Blocking
            1. API Access Restrictions
              1. Permission Management
              2. Cache and Storage Management
                1. Regular Clearing
                  1. Storage Limits
                    1. Automatic Deletion
                  2. Privacy Extensions
                    1. Ad Blockers
                      1. uBlock Origin
                        1. AdBlock Plus
                          1. Ghostery
                          2. Script Blockers
                            1. NoScript
                              1. ScriptSafe
                              2. Anti-Fingerprinting Tools
                                1. Canvas Blocker
                                  1. WebGL Blocker
                                    1. Font Fingerprinting Protection
                                    2. Container Extensions
                                      1. Firefox Multi-Account Containers
                                        1. Temporary Containers
                                      2. Privacy-Focused Browsers
                                        1. Tor Browser
                                          1. Anonymity Features
                                            1. Fingerprinting Resistance
                                              1. Limitations and Trade-offs
                                              2. Brave Browser
                                                1. Built-in Blocking
                                                  1. Fingerprinting Protection
                                                    1. Privacy Features
                                                    2. Firefox with Privacy Settings
                                                      1. Enhanced Tracking Protection
                                                        1. Strict Privacy Mode
                                                      2. Network-Level Protection
                                                        1. VPN Services
                                                          1. IP Address Masking
                                                            1. Traffic Encryption
                                                              1. Server Selection
                                                              2. Proxy Services
                                                                1. HTTP Proxies
                                                                  1. SOCKS Proxies
                                                                    1. Transparent Proxies
                                                                    2. Tor Network
                                                                      1. Onion Routing
                                                                        1. Exit Node Considerations
                                                                          1. Anonymity Guarantees
                                                                        2. Fingerprint Obfuscation
                                                                          1. User-Agent Spoofing
                                                                            1. Random User-Agent Generation
                                                                              1. Common User-Agent Selection
                                                                              2. Screen Resolution Spoofing
                                                                                1. Fixed Resolution Reporting
                                                                                  1. Random Resolution Generation
                                                                                  2. Timezone Manipulation
                                                                                    1. UTC Reporting
                                                                                      1. Random Timezone Selection
                                                                                  3. Browser and Platform Defenses
                                                                                    1. Apple's Intelligent Tracking Prevention
                                                                                      1. Cross-Site Tracking Prevention
                                                                                        1. Machine Learning Classification
                                                                                          1. Storage Access API
                                                                                          2. Mozilla's Enhanced Tracking Protection
                                                                                            1. Tracking List Maintenance
                                                                                              1. Fingerprinting Protection
                                                                                                1. Cryptomining Protection
                                                                                                2. Google's Privacy Sandbox
                                                                                                  1. Topics API
                                                                                                    1. Interest-Based Advertising
                                                                                                      1. Local Processing
                                                                                                      2. FLEDGE
                                                                                                        1. Remarketing Without Cookies
                                                                                                          1. On-Device Auctions
                                                                                                          2. Trust Tokens
                                                                                                            1. Fraud Prevention
                                                                                                              1. Privacy-Preserving Authentication
                                                                                                              2. Fenced Frames
                                                                                                                1. Isolated Embedded Content
                                                                                                                  1. Cross-Site Data Protection
                                                                                                                2. Safari Privacy Features
                                                                                                                  1. Intelligent Tracking Prevention
                                                                                                                    1. Privacy Report
                                                                                                                      1. Cross-Site Tracking Prevention
                                                                                                                      2. Edge Privacy Controls
                                                                                                                        1. Tracking Prevention Levels
                                                                                                                          1. InPrivate Browsing Enhancements
                                                                                                                        2. Technical Countermeasures
                                                                                                                          1. Fingerprint Randomization
                                                                                                                            1. Canvas Noise Injection
                                                                                                                              1. WebGL Parameter Randomization
                                                                                                                                1. Audio Context Manipulation
                                                                                                                                2. API Blocking and Modification
                                                                                                                                  1. Battery API Blocking
                                                                                                                                    1. Sensor API Restrictions
                                                                                                                                      1. WebRTC IP Leak Prevention
                                                                                                                                      2. Header Manipulation
                                                                                                                                        1. Accept Header Normalization
                                                                                                                                          1. User-Agent Standardization
                                                                                                                                            1. Custom Header Removal
                                                                                                                                          2. Server-Side Protections
                                                                                                                                            1. Content Security Policy
                                                                                                                                              1. Script Source Restrictions
                                                                                                                                                1. Third-Party Resource Blocking
                                                                                                                                                2. Referrer Policy
                                                                                                                                                  1. Referrer Information Control
                                                                                                                                                    1. Cross-Origin Restrictions
                                                                                                                                                    2. Feature Policy
                                                                                                                                                      1. API Access Control
                                                                                                                                                        1. Permission Delegation

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                                                                                                                                                    5. Detection and Analysis of Tracking

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                                                                                                                                                    7. Legal, Ethical, and Societal Context