Vegetation Classification and Ecology

  1. Environmental Controls on Vegetation Distribution
    1. Climatic Factors
      1. Macroclimate
        1. Temperature Regimes
          1. Mean Annual Temperature
            1. Temperature Extremes
            2. Precipitation Patterns
              1. Annual Precipitation
                1. Seasonality of Rainfall
                2. Seasonality
                  1. Growing Season Length
                    1. Dormancy Periods
                    2. Light Availability
                      1. Daylength Variation
                        1. Solar Radiation
                      2. Microclimate
                        1. Influence of Topography
                          1. Slope Position
                            1. Aspect Effects
                            2. Influence of Vegetation Structure
                              1. Canopy Effects
                                1. Understory Microclimate
                            3. Edaphic Factors
                              1. Soil Parent Material
                                1. Influence on Soil Formation
                                2. Soil Texture and Structure
                                  1. Sand Proportions
                                    1. Silt Proportions
                                      1. Clay Proportions
                                        1. Soil Aggregation
                                        2. Soil Moisture and Drainage
                                          1. Water Holding Capacity
                                            1. Drainage Classes
                                            2. Soil Chemistry and Nutrients
                                              1. pH
                                                1. Nitrogen
                                                  1. Phosphorus
                                                    1. Potassium
                                                    2. Soil Organic Matter
                                                      1. Litter Layer
                                                        1. Humus Content
                                                      2. Topographic Factors
                                                        1. Elevation and Altitude
                                                          1. Lapse Rate Effects
                                                            1. Vegetation Zonation
                                                            2. Slope Steepness
                                                              1. Erosion Potential
                                                                1. Soil Depth Variation
                                                                2. Aspect
                                                                  1. Sunlight Exposure
                                                                    1. Moisture Retention
                                                                    2. Landform Position
                                                                      1. Ridge Tops
                                                                        1. Slopes
                                                                          1. Valley Bottoms
                                                                        2. Biotic Factors
                                                                          1. Competition
                                                                            1. Interspecific Competition
                                                                              1. Intraspecific Competition
                                                                              2. Herbivory and Grazing
                                                                                1. Effects on Plant Community Structure
                                                                                  1. Selective Grazing
                                                                                  2. Pollination and Seed Dispersal
                                                                                    1. Animal-Mediated Dispersal
                                                                                      1. Wind Dispersal
                                                                                        1. Water Dispersal
                                                                                        2. Symbiotic Relationships
                                                                                          1. Mycorrhizal Associations
                                                                                            1. Nitrogen Fixation
                                                                                            2. Pathogens and Diseases
                                                                                              1. Disease Outbreaks
                                                                                                1. Plant-Pathogen Interactions
                                                                                                2. Allelopathy
                                                                                                  1. Chemical Inhibition
                                                                                                    1. Ecological Consequences
                                                                                                  2. Disturbance Regimes
                                                                                                    1. Definition and Types of Disturbance
                                                                                                      1. Natural Disturbances
                                                                                                        1. Human-Induced Disturbances
                                                                                                        2. Fire
                                                                                                          1. Fire Frequency
                                                                                                            1. Fire Intensity
                                                                                                              1. Fire Adaptations
                                                                                                              2. Windthrow
                                                                                                                1. Causes and Effects
                                                                                                                2. Flooding
                                                                                                                  1. Floodplain Dynamics
                                                                                                                  2. Avalanches and Landslides
                                                                                                                    1. Slope Instability
                                                                                                                    2. Anthropogenic Disturbances
                                                                                                                      1. Land Use Change
                                                                                                                        1. Pollution
                                                                                                                          1. Resource Extraction

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                                                                                                                      4. Data Analysis in Vegetation Ecology

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                                                                                                                      6. Vegetation Dynamics and Succession