Trigonometry

Trigonometry is the branch of mathematics that studies the relationships between the angles and side lengths of triangles. Central to this field are the trigonometric functions—sine, cosine, and tangent—which establish precise ratios that allow for the calculation of unknown angles or sides when others are known, particularly within right-angled triangles. Its principles extend beyond simple geometric measurement, providing the foundational tools for describing and analyzing periodic waves and oscillations, making it indispensable in fields such as physics, engineering, and astronomy.