Useful Links
Mathematics
Trigonometry
1. Foundations of Trigonometry
2. Right Triangle Trigonometry
3. Trigonometric Functions of Any Angle
4. Graphs of Trigonometric Functions
5. Trigonometric Identities
6. Inverse Trigonometric Functions
7. Solving Trigonometric Equations
8. Applications of Trigonometry
Trigonometric Functions of Any Angle
The Unit Circle
Definition and Properties
Circle with Radius 1
Center at Origin
Equation x² + y² = 1
Coordinates on the Unit Circle
Relationship to Trigonometric Functions
x-coordinate as Cosine
y-coordinate as Sine
Key Points on Unit Circle
Quadrantal Points
Special Angle Points
Memorization Strategies
Symmetry in the Unit Circle
x-axis Symmetry
y-axis Symmetry
Origin Symmetry
Applications of Symmetry
Extending Trigonometric Functions Beyond Acute Angles
Definitions Based on Coordinates
Point (x, y) on Terminal Side
Distance r from Origin
Sine as y/r
Cosine as x/r
Tangent as y/x (x ≠ 0)
Reciprocal Function Definitions
Cosecant as r/y (y ≠ 0)
Secant as r/x (x ≠ 0)
Cotangent as x/y (y ≠ 0)
Signs of Trigonometric Functions by Quadrant
Quadrant I
All Functions Positive
Quadrant II
Sine Positive, Others Negative
Quadrant III
Tangent and Cotangent Positive
Quadrant IV
Cosine and Secant Positive
ASTC Memory Device
All Students Take Calculus
Application to Sign Determination
Reference Angles
Definition of Reference Angle
Acute Angle to x-axis
Always Between 0° and 90°
Finding Reference Angles
Quadrant I: Angle Itself
Quadrant II: 180° - Angle
Quadrant III: Angle - 180°
Quadrant IV: 360° - Angle
Evaluating Functions Using Reference Angles
Function Value Magnitude
Sign from Quadrant
Complete Evaluation Process
Trigonometric Values for Quadrantal Angles
Values at 0° (0 radians)
Values at 90° (π/2 radians)
Values at 180° (π radians)
Values at 270° (3π/2 radians)
Values at 360° (2π radians)
Undefined Values
When and Why Functions are Undefined
Geometric Interpretation
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4. Graphs of Trigonometric Functions