Thermodynamics, Fluid Mechanics, and Heat Transfer

1. Fluid Mechanics
   1. Introduction to Fluid Mechanics
      1. Definition of a Fluid
      2. Distinction between Solids and Fluids
      3. The No-Slip Condition
      4. Classification of Fluid Flows
         1. Steady vs Unsteady Flow
         2. Uniform vs Nonuniform Flow
         3. Laminar vs Turbulent Flow
         4. Compressible vs Incompressible Flow
         5. Viscous vs Inviscid Flow
         6. Internal vs External Flow
         7. One-Dimensional Flow
         8. Two-Dimensional Flow
         9. Three-Dimensional Flow
   2. Fluid Properties
      1. Density
         1. Variation with Temperature and Pressure
      2. Specific Gravity
      3. Specific Weight
      4. Viscosity
         1. Dynamic Viscosity
         2. Kinematic Viscosity
         3. Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids
         4. Temperature Dependence
         5. Pressure Dependence
      5. Surface Tension
         1. Definition and Causes
         2. Contact Angle
      6. Capillarity
         1. Capillary Rise
         2. Capillary Depression
      7. Vapor Pressure
      8. Cavitation
      9. Compressibility
         1. Bulk Modulus
         2. Speed of Sound
   3. Fluid Statics
      1. Pressure at a Point
         1. Pascal's Law
         2. Pressure Variation in Static Fluids
      2. Hydrostatic Pressure Distribution
         1. Pressure Variation with Depth
         2. Pressure in Compressible Fluids
      3. Manometry
         1. Simple Manometers
         2. U-Tube Manometer
         3. Inclined Manometer
         4. Differential Manometers
      4. Pressure Measurement Devices
         1. Bourdon Gauge
         2. Diaphragm Gauge
         3. Bellows Gauge
      5. Hydrostatic Forces on Surfaces
         1. Forces on Plane Surfaces
         2. Center of Pressure
         3. Forces on Curved Surfaces
         4. Hydrostatic Force on Gates
      6. Buoyancy and Stability
         1. Archimedes' Principle
         2. Buoyant Force
         3. Stability of Floating Bodies
         4. Stability of Submerged Bodies
         5. Metacentric Height
   4. Fluid Kinematics
      1. Lagrangian Description
      2. Eulerian Description
      3. Flow Visualization
         1. Streamlines
         2. Pathlines
         3. Streaklines
         4. Timeline
      4. Velocity Field
         1. Velocity Components
         2. Velocity Magnitude and Direction
      5. Acceleration Field
         1. Local Acceleration
         2. Convective Acceleration
      6. Vorticity and Circulation
         1. Definition of Vorticity
         2. Circulation
         3. Irrotational Flow
      7. Deformation of Fluid Elements
         1. Linear Deformation
         2. Angular Deformation
         3. Volumetric Deformation
   5. Fundamental Equations
      1. Reynolds Transport Theorem
         1. General Form
         2. Applications to Conservation Laws
      2. Conservation of Mass
         1. Continuity Equation
         2. Integral Form
         3. Differential Form
      3. Linear Momentum Equation
         1. Newton's Second Law for Fluids
         2. Control Volume Analysis
         3. Applications to Engineering Systems
      4. Angular Momentum Equation
      5. Energy Equation
         1. Mechanical Energy Balance
         2. Bernoulli's Equation
            1. Derivation
            2. Assumptions
            3. Limitations
         3. Energy Grade Line
         4. Hydraulic Grade Line
   6. Dimensional Analysis and Similitude
      1. Dimensional Homogeneity
      2. Buckingham Pi Theorem
      3. Steps in Dimensional Analysis
      4. Dimensionless Numbers
         1. Reynolds Number
         2. Froude Number
         3. Mach Number
         4. Weber Number
         5. Euler Number
         6. Strouhal Number
      5. Similitude
         1. Geometric Similarity
         2. Kinematic Similarity
         3. Dynamic Similarity
      6. Model Studies
         1. Scale Effects
         2. Distorted Models
   7. Internal Flow
      1. Characteristics of Internal Flow
      2. Flow Regimes
         1. Laminar Flow
         2. Turbulent Flow
         3. Transitional Flow
         4. Reynolds Number Criteria
      3. Entrance Region
         1. Hydrodynamic Entrance Length
         2. Thermal Entrance Length
         3. Entrance Effects
      4. Fully Developed Flow
         1. Velocity Profiles
         2. Pressure Drop
      5. Friction in Pipes
         1. Darcy-Weisbach Equation
         2. Friction Factor
         3. Moody Chart
         4. Smooth and Rough Pipes
      6. Minor Losses
         1. Loss Coefficients
         2. Fittings and Valves
         3. Sudden Expansion and Contraction
         4. Bends and Elbows
      7. Piping Systems
         1. Series Pipes
         2. Parallel Pipes
         3. Branching Pipes
         4. Pipe Networks
   8. External Flow
      1. Drag and Lift
         1. Definitions
         2. Drag Coefficient
         3. Lift Coefficient
      2. Boundary Layer Theory
         1. Boundary Layer Development
         2. Boundary Layer Thickness
         3. Displacement Thickness
         4. Momentum Thickness
      3. Flow over Flat Plates
         1. Laminar Boundary Layer
         2. Turbulent Boundary Layer
         3. Transition
      4. Flow over Cylinders
         1. Pressure Distribution
         2. Flow Separation
         3. Vortex Shedding
         4. Drag Crisis
      5. Flow over Spheres
         1. Drag Characteristics
         2. Terminal Velocity
      6. Airfoils and Lift Generation
         1. Airfoil Geometry
         2. Angle of Attack
         3. Stall
         4. Lift and Drag Characteristics