Stellar Astronomy and Astrophysics

  1. Stellar Structure and Atmospheres
    1. Fundamental Physics of Stellar Interiors
      1. Hydrostatic Equilibrium
        1. Pressure Balance
          1. Gravitational Force
            1. Pressure Gradient
            2. Thermal Equilibrium
              1. Energy Generation
                1. Energy Transport
                  1. Energy Loss
                  2. Mass Conservation
                    1. Continuity Equation
                      1. Density Distribution
                      2. Equation of State
                        1. Ideal Gas Law
                          1. Radiation Pressure
                            1. Degeneracy Pressure
                              1. Relativistic Effects
                            2. Stellar Structure Equations
                              1. Mass Conservation Equation
                                1. Hydrostatic Equilibrium Equation
                                  1. Energy Generation Equation
                                    1. Energy Transport Equation
                                      1. Boundary Conditions
                                        1. Central Conditions
                                          1. Surface Conditions
                                        2. Energy Generation Mechanisms
                                          1. Nuclear Fusion Processes
                                            1. Proton-Proton Chain
                                              1. CNO Cycle
                                                1. Triple-Alpha Process
                                                  1. Advanced Burning Stages
                                                  2. Energy Generation Rates
                                                    1. Temperature Dependence
                                                      1. Composition Dependence
                                                      2. Neutrino Production
                                                        1. Neutrino Types
                                                          1. Energy Loss Mechanisms
                                                        2. Energy Transport Mechanisms
                                                          1. Radiative Transport
                                                            1. Radiative Diffusion Equation
                                                              1. Opacity Sources
                                                                1. Bound-Bound Transitions
                                                                  1. Bound-Free Transitions
                                                                    1. Free-Free Transitions
                                                                      1. Electron Scattering
                                                                      2. Mean Opacity
                                                                        1. Rosseland Mean Opacity
                                                                        2. Convective Transport
                                                                          1. Convective Instability
                                                                            1. Schwarzschild Criterion
                                                                              1. Ledoux Criterion
                                                                                1. Mixing Length Theory
                                                                                  1. Convective Zones
                                                                                  2. Conductive Transport
                                                                                    1. Electron Conduction
                                                                                      1. Importance in Dense Objects
                                                                                    2. Stellar Models and Structure
                                                                                      1. Polytropic Models
                                                                                        1. Polytropic Equation of State
                                                                                          1. Lane-Emden Equation
                                                                                            1. Polytropic Index
                                                                                            2. Standard Solar Model
                                                                                              1. Solar Structure
                                                                                                1. Central Conditions
                                                                                                  1. Composition Profile
                                                                                                  2. Stellar Evolution Models
                                                                                                    1. Numerical Integration
                                                                                                      1. Evolutionary Tracks
                                                                                                        1. Stellar Lifetimes
                                                                                                        2. Helioseismology
                                                                                                          1. Solar Oscillations
                                                                                                            1. p-modes and g-modes
                                                                                                              1. Internal Structure Probes
                                                                                                            2. Stellar Atmospheres
                                                                                                              1. Atmospheric Structure
                                                                                                                1. Temperature-Pressure Profile
                                                                                                                  1. Photosphere Definition
                                                                                                                    1. Chromosphere and Corona
                                                                                                                    2. Radiative Transfer
                                                                                                                      1. Radiative Transfer Equation
                                                                                                                        1. Source Function
                                                                                                                          1. Optical Depth
                                                                                                                            1. Formal Solution
                                                                                                                            2. Line Formation
                                                                                                                              1. Excitation and Ionization
                                                                                                                                1. Saha Equation
                                                                                                                                  1. Boltzmann Equation
                                                                                                                                    1. Line Strength
                                                                                                                                    2. Model Atmospheres
                                                                                                                                      1. Plane-Parallel Models
                                                                                                                                        1. Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium
                                                                                                                                          1. Non-LTE Models
                                                                                                                                            1. Three-Dimensional Models
                                                                                                                                            2. Stellar Winds and Mass Loss
                                                                                                                                              1. Wind Driving Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                1. Radiation Pressure
                                                                                                                                                  1. Thermal Pressure
                                                                                                                                                    1. Magnetic Fields
                                                                                                                                                    2. Mass Loss Rates
                                                                                                                                                      1. Terminal Velocities
                                                                                                                                                        1. Observational Signatures

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                                                                                                                                                    2. Measurable Properties of Stars

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                                                                                                                                                    4. Star Formation