SQL Database Language

2.

SQL Fundamentals and Syntax

2.1.

SQL Statement Structure

2.1.1.

Basic Statement Anatomy

2.1.2.

Keywords and Identifiers

2.1.3.

Statement Termination

2.1.3.1.

Semicolon Usage

2.1.3.2.

Statement Separators

2.1.4.

Statement Formatting

2.1.4.1.

Line Breaks and Spacing

2.1.4.2.

Indentation Practices

2.1.4.3.

Readability Guidelines

2.2.

SQL Naming Conventions

2.2.1.

Identifier Rules

2.2.2.

2.2.3.

Quoted Identifiers

2.2.4.

Case Sensitivity Rules

2.2.4.1.

Identifier Case Handling

2.2.4.2.

Data Value Case Sensitivity

2.2.4.3.

Dialect Differences

2.3.

Comments in SQL

2.3.1.

Single-Line Comments

2.3.1.1.

Double Dash Syntax

2.3.1.2.

Usage Guidelines

2.3.2.

Multi-Line Comments

2.3.2.1.

Block Comment Syntax

2.3.2.2.

Nested Comments

2.3.3.

Documentation Best Practices

2.3.3.1.

When to Comment

2.3.3.2.

Comment Clarity

2.3.3.3.

Maintenance Considerations

2.4.

SQL Expressions and Operators

2.4.1.

Expression Types

2.4.1.1.

Column References

2.4.1.2.

2.4.1.3.

Calculated Expressions

2.4.2.

Arithmetic Operators

2.4.2.1.

2.4.2.2.

2.4.2.3.

2.4.2.4.

2.4.2.5.

2.4.3.

Comparison Operators

2.4.3.1.

Equality Testing

2.4.3.2.

Inequality Testing

2.4.3.3.

Range Comparisons

2.4.4.

Logical Operators

2.4.4.1.

2.4.4.2.

Operator Precedence

2.4.4.3.

2.5.

2.5.1.

Character Data Types

2.5.1.1.

CHAR Fixed-Length

2.5.1.1.1.

Storage Characteristics

2.5.1.1.2.

Padding Behavior

2.5.1.1.3.

2.5.1.2.

VARCHAR Variable-Length

2.5.1.2.1.

Length Specifications

2.5.1.2.2.

Storage Efficiency

2.5.1.2.3.

Performance Considerations

2.5.1.3.

TEXT Large Text

2.5.1.3.1.

2.5.1.3.2.

Performance Impact

2.5.1.3.3.

2.5.1.4.

Character Set Considerations

2.5.1.5.

Collation Rules

2.5.2.

Numeric Data Types

2.5.2.1.

2.5.2.1.1.

2.5.2.1.2.

2.5.2.1.3.

2.5.2.1.4.

2.5.2.1.5.

Storage Requirements

2.5.2.2.

Exact Numeric Types

2.5.2.2.1.

2.5.2.2.2.

2.5.2.2.3.

Precision and Scale

2.5.2.3.

Approximate Numeric Types

2.5.2.3.1.

2.5.2.3.2.

2.5.2.3.3.

DOUBLE PRECISION

2.5.2.3.4.

Precision Considerations

2.5.2.4.

Numeric Type Selection

2.5.3.

Date and Time Types

2.5.3.1.

2.5.3.1.1.

Format Standards

2.5.3.1.2.

Range Limitations

2.5.3.2.

2.5.3.2.1.

Precision Options

2.5.3.2.2.

Time Zone Considerations

2.5.3.3.

2.5.3.3.1.

Combined Date and Time

2.5.3.3.2.

Storage Requirements

2.5.3.4.

2.5.3.4.1.

Automatic Updates

2.5.3.4.2.

Time Zone Handling

2.5.3.5.

2.5.3.6.

Date Arithmetic

2.5.4.

Boolean Data Types

2.5.4.1.

TRUE and FALSE Values

2.5.4.2.

2.5.4.3.

Dialect Variations

2.5.5.

Binary Data Types

2.5.5.1.

BINARY Fixed-Length

2.5.5.2.

VARBINARY Variable-Length

2.5.5.3.

BLOB Large Objects

2.5.5.4.

Use Cases and Limitations

2.5.6.

Other Specialized Types

2.5.6.1.

2.5.6.2.

2.5.6.3.

2.5.6.4.

2.5.7.

Data Type Conversion

2.5.7.1.

Implicit Conversion

2.5.7.2.

Explicit Casting

2.5.7.3.

2.5.7.4.

CONVERT Function

2.5.7.5.

Type Compatibility

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3. Basic Data Retrieval with SELECT