Social Statistics

15.

Communicating Statistical Results

15.1.

Writing Quantitative Research Reports

15.1.1.

Structure of Research Reports

15.1.2.

Introduction and Literature Review

15.1.2.1.

Problem Statement

15.1.2.2.

Theoretical Framework

15.1.2.3.

Literature Synthesis

15.1.2.4.

Research Questions and Hypotheses

15.1.3.

Methods Section

15.1.3.1.

Research Design

15.1.3.2.

Participants and Sampling

15.1.3.3.

Measures and Variables

15.1.3.4.

Data Collection Procedures

15.1.3.5.

Analytical Strategy

15.1.4.

Results Section

15.1.4.1.

Descriptive Statistics

15.1.4.2.

Inferential Statistics

15.1.4.3.

15.1.4.4.

Statistical Assumptions

15.1.5.

Discussion and Conclusion

15.1.5.1.

Interpretation of Findings

15.1.5.2.

Theoretical Implications

15.1.5.3.

Practical Implications

15.1.5.4.

15.1.5.5.

Future Research Directions

15.1.6.

Abstract Writing

15.1.7.

Reference Citations

15.2.

Presenting Data Effectively

15.2.1.

Table Construction

15.2.1.1.

Table Elements and Format

15.2.1.2.

Descriptive Statistics Tables

15.2.1.3.

Correlation Tables

15.2.1.4.

Regression Tables

15.2.1.5.

15.2.2.

Graph and Chart Design

15.2.2.1.

Choosing Appropriate Graphics

15.2.2.2.

Design Principles

15.2.2.3.

Color and Formatting

15.2.2.4.

Accessibility Considerations

15.2.3.

Audience Considerations

15.2.3.1.

Academic vs. General Audiences

15.2.3.2.

Technical vs. Non-technical Presentations

15.3.

Statistical Interpretation

15.3.1.

Relating Findings to Theory

15.3.2.

Distinguishing Statistical and Practical Significance

15.3.3.

Effect Size Interpretation

15.3.4.

Confidence Interval Interpretation

15.3.5.

Discussing Limitations

15.3.6.

Addressing Alternative Explanations

15.4.

Critical Evaluation of Statistics

15.4.1.

Identifying Statistical Misuse

15.4.1.1.

Cherry-picking Results

15.4.1.2.

15.4.1.3.

Inappropriate Statistical Tests

15.4.2.

Recognizing Bias and Confounding

15.4.2.1.

15.4.2.2.

Measurement Bias

15.4.2.3.

Confounding Variables

15.4.3.

Assessing Research Quality

15.4.3.1.

Study Design Evaluation

15.4.3.2.

Sample Quality Assessment

15.4.3.3.

Measurement Quality

15.4.4.

Media Literacy for Statistics

15.4.4.1.

Evaluating Statistical Claims

15.4.4.2.

Understanding Uncertainty

15.4.4.3.

Recognizing Misleading Presentations

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14. Advanced Topics in Social Statistics

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1. Introduction to Social Statistics